History of Medicine

Instance: 2022/2023 - 1S

Cycles of Study/Courses

Teaching language

Objectives

To build up the students' awareness of the history of their school from the perspective of teachers and students; to learn about Medical History in Portugal and the world, in a systematic way, in order to encourage students to study this subject further as an important aid in their future medical research; to identify and value the importance of socio-cultural factors in the development and evolution of their profession trough the history of Mankind; to assess the importance of the scientific method for the development of medical science; to be motivated to grasp and feel cultural values through independent training; to simulate critical thought about contemporary medicine and what it stands for; to contribute to a growing humanization of medicine ; to raise awareness of the subject of Museology in general and in relation to medicine in particular; to make know the artefacts and documental heritage of the Medical School, in order to encourage and allow for its conservation and use as reference sources for medical and historic learning.

Learning outcomes and competences

Medical students’ knowledge about the history of their School encourages their integration and provides them with the necessary tools to understand its present dimension and future prospects. The Medical School’s museological heritage is a complete lesson on institutional, national and world histories. Acknowledging its importance, by knowing its meaning and value, creates the necessary awareness for its promotion and preservation. The syllabuses of the subjects General History of Medicine and History of Portuguese Medicine deal with the development of medical thinking and practice, particularly at the time of the establishment and evolution of the scientific method, and allow for the contextualization and better understanding of the present state of the art in this field. The legacy of national and international testimonies stimulates such essential skills as the development of critical spirit and the advancement of a humanistic culture.

Working method

Program

A)General Medcal History: Part I -Medicine in European pre-and proto-history.Part II- Ancient Medicine- Asia, Africa and the Americas. Part III- Pre-Hippocratic Medicine. Greece and Asia Minor. Philosophical schools. Part IV- From Hippocrates (4th-5th cent. BC) to Galen (2nd cent. AD). Post-Hippocratic Medicine. New philosophical trends. Schools of Plato and of Aristotle. Medical Renaissance in northerm Africa (Alexandria). Roman and Greco-Roman Medicine. Part V -Galen and Galenic Medicine. Part VI- Greco-Latin medieval transition (400 AD to 12th century). Part VII- Medicine in the 16th century. Medical Renaissance. Vesalius. Paré. Paracelsus. Part VII- Medicine in the 17th century. Latromechanical and iatro-chemical systems. From Harvey and Sydénham to Valsalva and Malpighi. Part IX- Medicine in the 18th century. Laboratory foundations of modern medicine. Part X- Medicine in the 19th century. Experimental medicine (Claude Bernard). Bacteriology and cellular pathology. Up to Pasteur and Wirchow. From these up to 1900. The great discoveries. Part XI- Contemporary medicine.
B) Medical History in Portugal: 1st Period - From Pre-History to the establishment of the Escola de Santa Cruz de Coimbra in 1130. 2nd Period- From 1130 to creation of the General Studies in Lisbon, 1290. 3rd period- From 1290 to the enforcemt of the Statues of the Hospital Real de Todos-os Santos (1504), Lisbon. 4th Period- From 1504 to the Reform of University Studies in 1772. a) - 16th century- Renaissance. b)- 17th century- Decadence or stagnation. c)- 18th century - Renovation. 5th period - From 1772 to the establishment of the Régias Escolas de Cirurgia in Lisbon and in Porto, 1825. 6th Period - From 1825 to the present (Escolas Médico-Cirúrgicas of Lisbon and of Porto, 1836; Faculdade de Medcine from 1911). 7th Period - The guidelines of contemporary medicine. C) Medical Museology

Mandatory literature

Teaching methods and learning activities

The different pedagogical modalities must by the reflection, discussion and participation of the student to promote learning and promote knowledge.

1.  Theoretical lessons (8 hours). Introduction of topics using medical iconography and artefacts, as well as reading, comprehension and analysis of texts that are historical landmarks.
2. Theoretical / practical lessons (11 hours). Guided by the teacher, students will observe artefacts dating from primordial times to the present. Discussion of specific topics related to the items on display. Understanding the medical device and its development through time, as well as the close realtion between medicine and art.

Software

keywords

Evaluation Type

Assessment Components

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Eligibility for exams

 Final Exam (graded from 0 to 20): Written test containing questions for theoretical development.

Calculation formula of final grade

Final grade (from 0 to 20):  the grade of  the final exam.

Examinations or Special Assignments

In acordance with the rules approved by FMUP

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

In acordance with the rules approved by FMUP

Classification improvement

In acordance with the rules approved by FMUP