Brave New World of Artificial Intelligence: Its Use in Antimicrobial Stewardship-A Systematic Review

• Type: Another Publication in an International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2024

Authors

Pinto-de-Sa, R (Author) Other; Sousa-Pinto, B (Author) FMUP; Sofia Costa de Oliveira (Author) FMUP

Journal

Title: Antibiotics

Vol. 13

Final page: 307

Publisher: MDPI

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 0 Citations

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-010-4HF

DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040307

Abstract (EN): Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health problem in the One Health dimension. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging in healthcare, since it is helpful to deal with large amounts of data and as a prediction tool. This systematic review explores the use of AI in antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and summarizes the predictive performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms, compared with clinical decisions, in inpatients and outpatients who need antimicrobial prescriptions. This review includes eighteen observational studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The exclusion criteria comprised studies conducted only in vitro, not addressing infectious diseases, or not referencing the use of AI models as predictors. Data such as study type, year of publication, number of patients, study objective, ML algorithms used, features, and predictors were extracted from the included publications. All studies concluded that ML algorithms were useful to assist antimicrobial stewardship teams in multiple tasks such as identifying inappropriate prescribing practices, choosing the appropriate antibiotic therapy, or predicting AMR. The most extracted performance metric was AUC, which ranged from 0.64 to 0.992. Despite the risks and ethical concerns that AI raises, it can play a positive and promising role in ASP.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 20