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Enantioselective Monitoring of Biodegradation of Ketamine and Its Metabolite Norketamine by Liquid Chromatography

Title
Enantioselective Monitoring of Biodegradation of Ketamine and Its Metabolite Norketamine by Liquid Chromatography
Type
Article in International Scientific Journal
Year
2021
Authors
Perez Pereira, A
(Author)
Other
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Maia, A
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Goncalves, V
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Ribeiro, C
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Tiritan M.E.
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Journal
The Journal is awaiting validation by the Administrative Services.
Title: ChemosensorsImported from Authenticus Search for Journal Publications
Vol. 9
Final page: 242
ISSN: 2227-9040
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Publicação em ISI Web of Knowledge ISI Web of Knowledge - 0 Citations
Publicação em Scopus Scopus - 0 Citations
Other information
Authenticus ID: P-00V-BD9
Abstract (EN): Ketamine (K) and its main metabolite, norketamine (NK), are chiral compounds that have been found in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and aquatic environments. Little is known about their enantioselective biodegradation during sewage treatment; however, this information is pivotal for risk assessment, the evaluation of WWTP performance and wastewater epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodegradation pattern of the enantiomers of K by activated sludge (AS) from a WWTP. For that, an enantioselective liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC-DAD) method was developed and validated to quantify the enantiomers of K and NK. Both K and NK enantiomers were separated, in the same chromatographic run, using a Lux (R) 3 mu m cellulose-4 analytical column under isocratic elution mode. The method was demonstrated to be linear (r(2) > 0.99) and precise (<11.3%). Accuracy ranged between 85.9 and 113.6% and recovery ranged between 50.1 and 86.9%. The limit of quantification was 1.25 mu g/mL for the enantiomers of NK and 2.5 mu g/mL for K. The method was applied to monitor the biodegradation assay of the enantiomers of K by AS for 14 days. K was poorly biodegraded, less than 15% for both enantiomers, and enantioselectivity in the biodegradation was not observed. The metabolite NK and other possible degradation products were not detected. This work reports, for the first time, the behavior of both enantiomers of K in biodegradation studies.
Language: English
Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific
No. of pages: 11
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