Phonetics

Code:

CL009

Acronym:

FONET

Instance: 2014/2015 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Portuguese and Romance Studies
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Language Sciences

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
CL	38	CL - Study Plan	1	-	6	4
EPL	0	Study Plan	3	-	6	4

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

To make students aware of the phonetic realization of languages in general and of Portuguese in particular. To make students aware of the special nature of phonetics in the framework of linguistics and language sciences in general. To prepare students to become professional users of basic techniques such as phonetic transcription, data collection and data analysis of speech samples. To make students familiar with the main resources (hardware/software) as they are used in phonetic research. To provide students with solid knowledge about articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics. To make students aware of issues related to phonetic variation and to the applications of phonetics in several domains. To give the students the fundamental knowledge so that they can deepen their study later on, namely in the domain of phonology. To make students able to read scientific papers in the domain of phonetics.

Learning outcomes and competences

The results are described in the main objectives.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Elementary notions of speech production; Basic knowledge of the IPA symbols.

Program

1 – Introduction to phonetics. 1.1 – The object of phonetics. 1.2 – Basic, methodological aspects in phonetics. 1.3 – Phonetics and linguistics, phonetics and phonology. 1.4 – A brief sketch of the history of phonetics and the history of phonetic studies of Portuguese. 2 – Phonetic transcription. 2.1 – The principles of a system of phonetic transcription. 2.2 – The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). 2.3 – IPA symbols and conventions used in the phonetic transcription of Portuguese. 2.4 – Phonetic transcription of different varieties of Portuguese. 3 – Experimental methodology in laboratory phonetics. Experimental designs. 3.1 – Study planning. 3.2 – Hypotheses. 3.3 – Population. 3.4 – Linguistic stimuli. 3.5 – Experimental protocols. 3.6 – Variable control. 3.7 – Collecting, storing and labelling speech samples. 3.8 – Acoustic analysis. 3.9 – Statistical analysis of results. . 4 – Articulatory phonetics of Portuguese. 4.1 – Phonatory system and phonation. 4.2 – Description and traditional articulatory classification of the sounds of Portuguese. 4.3 – Laboratory techniques in articulatory phonetics: 4.3.1 – X-ray and other imagiological techniques; 4.3.2 – Electropalatography; 4.3.3 – Electroglottography; 4.3.4 – Nasometry; 4.3.5 – Other techniques. 4.4 – Phonological units phonetically based: distinctive features. 4.5 – Individual voices. 4.6 – Combinatory phenomena in speech production. 5 – Acoustic phonetics of Portuguese. 5.1 – Basic notions of general acoustics. 5.1.1 – The physical nature of sound. 5.1.2 – Acoustic properties of sound: frequency, loudness and duration. 5.1.3 – Simple vs. complex sounds. Aperiodic vs. periodic complex sounds. 5.1.4 – Resonance and filtering. 5.2 – Basic notions of speech acoustics. The acoustic theory of speech production. 5.2.1 – Sources and filters in the phonatory system. 5.2.2 – Vowel formants. 5.2.3 – Acoustic description of Portuguese consonants and vowels. 5.3 – Laboratory techniques in acoustic phonetics: 5.3.1 – Spectral analysis; 5.3.2 – Spectrography (non-real and real time spectrography). 5.3.3 – Other techniques. 6 – Auditory phonetics of Portuguese. 6.1 – Reception, perception and processing. 6.2 – Auditory phonetics and the perception of speech. 6.3 – Stages and levels of speech perception processes. 6.4 – Speech perception and categorization. 6.5 – Acoustic cues. 7 – Some domains of application. 7.1 – Speech pathology: diagnosing and remediation. 7.2 – Articulatory training (L1/L2/Foreign languages). 7.3 – Labeling. 7.4 – Speech synthesis. 7.5 – Forensic phonetics.

Mandatory literature

FARIA, I. H. et al. (Org.); Introdução à Linguística Geral e Portuguesa, Caminho, 1996
HARDCASTLE, W. J.; LAVER, J.; The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, Blackwell, 1999
MATEUS, M. H. M. et al.; Gramática da Língua Portuguesa, Caminho, 2003
INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ASSOCIATION; The Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge, 1999
MALMBERG, B.; A Fonética, Livros do Brasil, sd
MARTÍNEZ CELDRÁN, E.; El sonido en la comunicación humana, Octaedro, 1996
DELGADO MARTINS, M. R.; Ouvir Falar. Introdução à Fonética do Português, Caminho, 1988
DELGADO MARTINS, M. R.; Fonética do Português. Trinta Anos de Investigação, Caminho, 2002
MARTÍNEZ CELDRÁN, E.; Fonética, Teide, 1984
LADEFOGED, P.; A Course in Phonetics, Thomson, 2006
LADEFOGED, P.; Vowels and Consonants. An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages, Blackwell, 2001
CLARK, J.; YALLOP, C.; An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Blackwell, 1990
PULLUM, G.; LADUSAW, W. A.; Phonetic Symbol Guide, The University of Chicago Press, 1986
LADEFOGED, P.; Phonetic Data Analysis. An Introduction to Fieldwork and Instrumental Techniques, Blackwell, 2003
LIEBERMAN, P.; BLUMSTEIN, S. E.; Speech physiology, speech perception, and acoustic phonetics, Cambridge, 1988
SPEAKS, C. E.; Introduction to Sound. Acoustics for the Hearing and Speech Sciences, Singular, 1992
MATEUS, M. H. M. et al.; Fonética, Fonologia e Morfologia do Português, Universidade Aberta, 1990
ROACH, P.; WIDDOWSON, H. G.; Phonetics, Oxford, 2001
VELOSO, J.; Na Ponta da Língua. Exercícios de Fonética do Português, Granito, 1999
DENES, P. B.; PINSON, E. N.; The Speech Chain. The Physics and Biology of Spoken Language, Freeman, 1993
FANT, G.; Speech Acoustics and Phonetics: Selected Writings, Kluwer, 2006
JOHNSON, K.; Acoustic and auditory phonetics, Cambridge, 1997
KENT, R.; READ, C.; The Acoustic Analysis of Speech, Singular, 1992
MARTÍNEZ CELDRÁN, E.; Fonética Experimental: Teoría y Práctica, Síntesis, 1991
CATFORD, J. C.; A Practical Introduction to Phonetics, Oxford, 1988
ROSE, P.; Forensic Speaker Identification, Taylor & Francis, 2002
BALL, M.; LOWRY, O.; Methods in Clinical Phonetics, Whurr, 2001
GIL FERNÁNDEZ, J.; Los sonidos del lenguaje, Síntesis, 1990
LADEFOGED, P.; Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics, The University of Chicago Press, 1981
LADEFOGED, P.; MADDIESON, I.; The Sounds of the World's Languages, Blackwell, 1996
BALL, M. J.; RAHILLY, J.; Phonetics: The Science of Speech, Arnold, 1999
LADEFOGED, P.; Elements of Acoustic Phonetics, The University of Chicago Press, 1996

Complementary Bibliography

PEREIRA, A.; SPSS. Guia Prático de Utilização. Análise de Dados para Ciências Sociais e Psicologia, Sílabo, 1999
GREEN, J.; D'OLIVEIRA, M.; Testes Estatísticos em Psicologia, Estampa, 1991
KINNEAR, P. R.; GRAY, C. D.; SPSS for Windows Made Simple. Release 10, Taylor & Francis, 2000

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theorical classes, Theorical-Pratical, Pratical classes. Tutorial sessons.

Software

PRAAT, BROWSE, COCHSIM, EFXHIST, ENHANCE, ESECTION, ESYNTH, ESYSTEM, PROREC, RTGRAM, RTPITCH, RTSPECT, SFS, VOISCRIPT, VTDEMO, WASP

keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Sound engineering
Physical sciences > Physics > Acoustics
Social sciences > Psychological sciences > Cognitive science
Humanities > language sciences > Linguistics > Phonetics
Health sciences > Medical sciences > Medicine > Audiology

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	45,00
Trabalho de campo	10,00
Trabalho escrito	30,00
Trabalho laboratorial	15,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	55,00
Frequência das aulas	54,00
Trabalho de campo	21,00
Trabalho de investigação	16,00
Trabalho laboratorial	16,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Number of absences from class, tutorials and laboratory practice must not exceed the number stated in the course regulations and other applicable regulations.

Calculation formula of final grade

Weighted average of all assessment components.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

In accordance with course regulations and other applicable rules.

Observations

Students who are non-native speakers of Portuguese can work on data of their own languages and present their written tests and essays in English, French, Spanish or Italian.