Logic I

Code:

FILO027

Acronym:

LOG1

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Philosophy

Instance: 2025/2026 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Philosophy
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Philosophy

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
FILO	0	FILO - Study Plan	1	-	6	41	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

The aim of this subject is to encourage students to develop skills in reasoning (deductive, essentially) and master some of the key concepts of logic in order to apply them
- in the analysis of philosophical theses based on arguments, and 
- in understanding some philosophical positions for which the results of logical research are considered important (or, alternatively, irrelevant).

Learning outcomes and competences

Strict application of the following key concepts of logic: argument, premise and conclusion; proposition, truth-condition and truth values; ambiguity; valid and invalid argument; deductive and non-deductive argument; inductively valid and inductively invalid argument; counterexample for an argument; correct (sound) and incorrect (unsound) argument; counter-argument; logical form; valid and invalid argument form; logical analysis and decision; logical consequence.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Not applicable.

Program

Part 1. Basic issues.
- Arguments.
- Propositions and truth-conditions.

Part 2. Analysis and (intuitive) evaluation of arguments: the new problems.
- Valid and invalid arguments.
- Sound and unsound arguments.
- The (basic) notion of counterexample.
- 'Visualizing' and 'analogizing'.
- The (derived) notion of counterexample (counter-argument).

Part 3. From analysis and (intuitive) evaluation of arguments to Logic.
- Logical form.
- Valid and invalid argument-forms.
- The tasks: logical analysis and decision.
- The notion of logical consequence.

Mandatory literature

Beall, Jc; Logic - the basics, Routledge, 2010. ISBN: 978-0-415-77499-4
Forbes, Graeme; Modern logic. ISBN: 0-19-508029-7
Guttenplan, Samuel; The^languages of logic. ISBN: 1-55786-988-X
Haack, Susan, 1945-; Philosophy of logics. ISBN: 0-521-29329-4
Hodges, Wilfrid; Logic. ISBN: 0-14-013636-3
Newton-Smith, W. H.; Lógica. ISBN: 972-662-609-9

Complementary Bibliography

Deano, Alfredo; Introducción a la lógica formal. ISBN: 84-206-2987-1
Dowek, Gilles; La^logique. ISBN: 2-08-035414-0
Govier, Trudy; Problems in argument analysis and evaluation. ISBN: 90-6765-341-1
Hofstadter, Douglas R., 1945- 210; Gõdel, Escher, Bach. ISBN: 972-662-709-5
Hughes, R. I. G 340; A^philosophical companion to first-order logic. ISBN: 0-87220-181-3
P. H. Nidditch; The^development of mathematical logic. ISBN: 1-85506-582-7

Comments from the literature

Notes on the study of the works in the reading list will be provided during the classes.

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical-practical classes. Lectures and classroom discussion of cases and examples particularly relevant and/or complicated; practical exercises with comparison of the results obtained. Students are encouraged to participate in the discussion of examples and to resolve the exercises.

keywords

Humanities > Philosophy > Logic

Evaluation Type

Evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	121,00
Frequência das aulas	41,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Not applicable.

Calculation formula of final grade

Final exam: written test. The exam mark will be rounded to the nearest whole mark. (With intermediate tests to check or consolidate knowledge, according to the pace of classes.)

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not applicable.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

According to the regulations in force.

Classification improvement

Final exam (appeal call).