Synchronous Machines

Code:

M.EEC024

Acronym:

MSIN

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Power

Instance: 2024/2025 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
M.EEC	54	Syllabus	1	-	6	45,5

Teaching language

Suitable for English-speaking students
Obs.: Suitable for english speaking students

Objectives

This UC aims to provide students with scientific and technical knowledge and operational skills related to synchronous electrical machines, in particular allowing them to:

1. To know and understand the fields of application of synchronous machines

2. To know and understand the various types and conventional construction variants, their physical constitution and the main variables that define them.

3. Understand the physical functioning and know how to apply numerical models to analyze the steady state operation of synchronous electrical machines.

4. To know how to implement tests to determine parameters of synchronous electrical machines and other routine and special tests.

5. To know and understand the operation of a synchronous alternator, in isolated mode and in parallel mode with the network, including maneuvering, command and control procedures.

6. Characterize and describe the transient regimes of synchronous machines, in particular short circuits such as alternator.

7. To know and understand the main constructive and operational characteristics of special synchronous machines: a) permanent magnet synchronous machines and b) reluctance.

Learning outcomes and competences

Student's approval in synchronous machines curricular unit presupposes:

1. The consolidation of knowledge on synchronous electrical machines, their classification, constitution and operation, as well as the use of this knowledge in the formulation, resolution and discussion of problems and applications related to them and their insertion in Electric Power Systems (CDIO 1.2 and 2.1).

2. The skills referred to in 1) will be achieved through contact periods corresponding to theoretical sessions dedicated to the explanation of the central themes of the curricular contents and their debate, to theoretical-practical sessions aimed at the analysis and resolution of various problems of a theoretical nature. practice and laboratory sessions dedicated to practical laboratory work.

3. The acquisition of skills in the practice of testing electrical machines and experimental research on the operating characteristics of synchronous electrical machines in generator operation, through laboratory work provided for in the course unit (CDIO 2.2).

4. Appropriate conduct will be required in the laboratory, respecting safety standards, rules for the use of equipment, as well as the procedures for the work to be carried out (CDIO 2.5).

5. The assessment of skills will be carried out by monitoring students during the performance of laboratory work, the assessment of written reports, simulation work, or other elements prepared by students on topics related to the curricular unit.

6. The assessment of knowledge will be carried out by the assessment instruments provided for in the scope of the curricular unit.

7. The student must also demonstrate communication skills both orally and in writing, to the questions asked and the various assessment tests provided (CDIO 3.2).

Working method

Presencial

Program

1. Fundamentals of synchronous machines.
Classification, types and constructive variants.
Specific constructive aspects.
Applications.

2. Three Phase Synchronous Generators.
Physical-mathematical fundamentals associated with operation and modeling in steady state, Models:
Blondel,
Simplified Blondel (Doherty-Nickle)
Bhen-Eschenburg
Potier

3. Tests for determining parameters of synchronous generators and motors
No-load saturation test
Permanent short circuit test
Test with pure inductive load
Low slip test
Other routine and special tests

4. Operation of an alternator
In isolated mode
In parallel with the network
Maneuvers, command and control
Transient regimes in synchronous alternators

7. Three-phase Synchronous Motor.
Key features
Advantages and fields of application
Aspects of manoeuvre, command and control.
Applications

8. Special Synchronous Machines
of Permanent Magnets
of Reluctance

Mandatory literature

Jesús Fraile Mora; Máquinas eléctricas. ISBN: 84-481-3913-5
A. E. Fitzgerald; Electric machinery. ISBN: 0-07-112946-4
Stephen J. Chapman; Electric machinery fundamentals. ISBN: 007-115155-9
J. Hindmarsh; Electrical Machines and Their Applications. ISBN: 0-08-030573-3 (flexicover)
Chee-Mun Ong; Dynamic simulation of electric machinery. ISBN: 0-13-723785-5
Dominick A. E. Fitzgerald; Solutions manual to accompany electric machinery. ISBN: 0-07-021135-3

Complementary Bibliography

Pál K. Kovács; Transient Phenomena in Electrical Machines. ISBN: 0-444-99663-X(Vol.9)
Laurence H. A. Carr; The Testing of Electrical Machines
John Hindmarsh; Electrical Machines and Drives. ISBN: 0-08-031685-9
Theorore Wildi; Electrical machines, drives, and power systems. ISBN: 0-13-098637-2
R. E. Steven; Electrical Machines and Power Electronics. ISBN: 0-442-30547-8 (Cloth)
Jacek Kabzinski; Advanced control of electrical drives and power electronic converters. ISBN: 978-3-319-45735-2

Teaching methods and learning activities

To obtain, the learning objectives for this curricular unit, two modalities will be implemented, namely:

A) Through periods of direct contact with the student, that is;

1. In the theoretical sessions dedicated to the explanation of the central themes of the curricular contents,
2. In theoretical-practical sessions dedicated to the analysis and resolution of concrete exploitation cases
3. In sessions or experimental work in the laboratory.
4. In clarification and support sessions for carrying out a simulation work in specific periods of attendance in the office.

B) Through the completion of a final exam

Evaluation (%):
A.1) Laboratory Component (*): 35%
A.2) Simulation Component: 15%
B) Final Exam: 50%
Final Grade = 50% B (**) + 50% (A.1 + A.2)
(*) mandatory, registration of presence in the Laboratory component at least 75% of classes.
(**) Mandatory, obtain a minimum value of 8 out of 20 in any of the examination periods.

Software

Matlab

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	40,00
Trabalho laboratorial	40,00
Participação presencial	5,00
Trabalho prático ou de projeto	15,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Elaboração de relatório/dissertação/tese	16,00
Estudo autónomo	50,00
Frequência das aulas	20,00
Trabalho de investigação	30,00
Trabalho laboratorial	26,00
Total:	142,00

Eligibility for exams

1. In compliance with the regulatory provisions regarding attendance to face-to-face sessions (maximum number of absences in Laboratory Practices type sessions: 3 absences)
2. It is necessary to obtain a minimum classification of 40% in the Frequency Classification component.

Calculation formula of final grade

Assessment (%)
A.1) Laboratory Component (*): 45%
A.2) Simulation Component: 15%
B) Final exam: 40%
Final Grade = 60% (A.1 + A.2) + 40% B (**)

A - CLASSIFICATION by FREQUENCY = (60%)
- The Classification in Frequency results from: evaluation in the laboratory component of the UC = attendance (5%) + results obtained in the works and respective reports (40%) = ( 45%)
-1 Work in Matlab/Simulink Simulation = (15%)

B - FINAL EXAM = (40%)
(face-to-face, written, individual with expected duration of 2 hours)
The exam focuses on the totality of the syllabus.

Considerations:

1) Mandatory registration of presence in the Laboratory component at least 75% of classes.

2) Obligatory to obtain a minimum score of 8 out of 20 in any of the examination periods.

3) the "laboratory and simulation work guides" to be carried out at the UC are made available to the student right at the beginning of the teaching activities.

4) The evaluation formula is only valid if the planned laboratory work is carried out.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Not applicable.
The proposed laboratory work can be done at times outside the pre-established plan of the UC.