Fluid Mechanics

Code:

L.EA016

Acronym:

MF

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Technological Sciences - Engineering

Instance: 2024/2025 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Fluids and Energy Section
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Environmental Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EA	49	Syllabus	2	-	6	58,5	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

To analyze, understand and characterize, based on the fundamental laws of mechanics and specific methodologies, the behavior of fluids, at rest and in motion, in order to solve problems of fluid mechanics in engineering.

To create the basis for solving problems in more specific areas.

Learning outcomes and competences

It is expected that at the end of the semester students:

1. Be able to characterize fluids by their properties and solve simple problems with Newton's law of viscosity;
2. Be able to apply the principles of fluid statics to manometry and to the characterization of pressure forces on immersed flat surfaces;
3. Be familiar with the fundamental aspects of kinematics and dynamics in the context of fluid mechanics;
4. Understand the advantages of using dimensional analysis and the principles of similarity in solving fluid mechanics problems;
5. Know how to apply the mass and energy conservation equations to viscous flows in ducts, calculate load losses, energy requirements, estimate of the available flow and dimension simple ducts;
6. Be able to characterize the forces resulting from the action of flows on bodies immersed in them.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Math analysis; Algebra; Statics, Kinematics and Dynamics; Thermodynamics

Program

Introduction. Scope of Fluid Mechanics. Fluid concept and more relevant thermodynamic properties. Hypothesis of continuous medium . Viscosity and Newton's Law of viscosity. Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Vapor pressure and cavitation. Surface tension.
Statics of fluids. Pressure in fluid at rest. Invariability of pressure with direction. Pascal principle. Hydrostatics fundamental equation. Manometry. Forces on immersed flat surfaces. Buoyancy.
Notions of kinematics. Velocity field properties. Local and convective acceleration. Lagrangean and Eulerian perspectives. Systems and control volumes. Volume and mass flux and average velocity, law of mass conservation (continuity).
Introduction to fluid dynamics. Newton's 2nd law applied to a fluid particle, integration along a streamline. Ideal flow concept. Equations of Euler and Bernoulli. Interpretations of the Bernoulli equation. Dynamic pressure and stagnation pressure. Velocity and volume flux measurements. Integration of Newton's 2nd law in the direction normal to streamlines.
Integral formulation. Reynolds transport theorem. Law of mas  conservation. Newton's law and linear momentum equation. Balance of forces acting on a control volume, contact forces and internal forces. Principle of conservation of energy, 1st law of thermodynamics.
Dimensional analysis and similarity. Reference variables and dimensions of a problem. More common dimensionless groups in fluid mechanics and their meaning. Rules of similarity and flow modeling.
Viscous flow in ducts. Laminar and turbulent regimes. Development zone. In line heath losses. Darcy's coefficient and Darcy-Weisback's equation. Parabolic profile and solution for the laminar case. Logarithmic profile, Colebrooke equation and Moody diagram. Minor losses in pipes. Inverse problems: determination of flow rate and dimensioning of ducts. Multiple pipe systems.
External flows. Basic concepts of boundary layer. Action of flows on non-fuselated bodies. Drag and lift forces and coefficients.

Mandatory literature

Frank M. White; Fluid mechanics. ISBN: 0-07-116848-6
Bruce R. Munson, ... [et al.]; Fluid Mechanics. ISBN: 978-1-118-31867-6

Complementary Bibliography

Merle C. Potter, David C. Wiggert; Mechanics of fluids. ISBN: 0-13-571142-8
Yunus A. Çengel, John M. Cimbala ; trad. Katia Aparecida Roque, Mario Moro Fecchio; Mecânica dos fluidos. ISBN: 978-85-86804-58-8
Luis Adriano Oliveira, António Gameiro Lopes; Mecânica dos fluidos. ISBN: 972-8480-13-X

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lectures: two weekly sessions of 1.5h. Presentation of theoretical concepts and discussion. The theoretical classrooms are pre-recorded and placed on the moodle platform.

Theoretical-practical sessions: a weekly session of 1.5 h. Examples, exercises and discussion of student’s questions.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	92,00
Frequência das aulas	70,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

According to the FEUP regulation for regular classes

Calculation formula of final grade

Two theoretical / practical tests throughout the semester. each test will have a weight of 50% for the final grade. The tests will always last 90 minutes. The minimum mark for approval is 9,5/20 of the weighed sum

For the  grade improvement/final examination, there will be a single theoretical / practical test, encompassing the entire program. It will have a weight of 100% for the final grade. The minimum mark for approval is 9,5/20.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not planned.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

According to the FEUP rules, with the same format and rules of the resit exam.

Classification improvement

According to the FEUP rules, simultaneously and with the same format and rules of the resit exam.

Observations

Classes and all assessment elements will be exclusively in Portuguese.