Signals and Electronics

Code:

L.BIO017

Acronym:

SELE

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Engineering Sciences

Instance: 2024/2025 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	https://moodle.up.pt/course/view.php?id=2193&lang=en
Responsible unit:	Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Bioengineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.BIO	133	Syllabus	2	-	6	52	162

Teaching language

Suitable for English-speaking students
Obs.: English speaking students may be included

Objectives

To endow students with basic knowledge in continuous and discrete signals theory and analysis, basic electronic circuits, data acquisition electronics focusing on bio-engineering applications and linking this study with prior and future subjects.

The concept of signal in diverse domains is addressed, along with quantities, time dependency, feature extraction, analysis, synthesis or manipulation, the mathematical transforms, operations between signals such as  correlation and modulation.

The system concept is proposed and its properties discussed. The mathematical formalism of representation, the impulse response and the frequency response are treated.

The technologic platform of electronics, the use of sensors/transducers and signal operations, linear and non-linear, are addressed.

In the context of digital computation the use of sampling, A-D conversion, signal generation and filtering are studied. Basic digital electronics is also addressed.

In parallel, the student should develop problem solving critical thinking and the ability to conduct experimental work in the area, to develop group work dynamics and to integrate knowledge in the scope of a design case.

Learning outcomes and competences

To be familiar with elementary signals, their mathematical formulations; to be capable of calculating their main characteristics;

To manipulate and transform signals; to analyse and decompose signals; to compare signals; to measure signals in the laboratory;

To artificially synthesise and generate signals in the analogue and digital domains and to deploy signals in a practical way;

To operate with various signals and carry out their correlation, modulation or convolution;

To be familiar and to manipulate signal description in the frequency domain by means of the Fourier series and transform in the continuous and discrete domains, with generalization to the Laplace and Z transforms;

To be familiar with the description of general systems and their properties, particularly linear and time invariant systems; to be familiar with the meaning, way of obtaining and analysing the characteristic function of a system and its frequency response;

To be familiar with and use block diagrams;

To learn how to calculate a system's response to an arbitrary signal;

To know how to analyse an electronic circuit in alternating current and how to perform a phasorial analysis;

To know how to calculate and interpret circuits with basic electronic linear blocks, namely the operational amplifier and the elementary filters, and the nonlinear blocks, such as the diode rectifier, the transistor amplifier and switch, the elementary logic gates, the comparators, simple and with hysteresis;

To be familiar with the theoretical notions and electronic processes of sampling, A/D and D/A converters and to know how to interpret the operation of data acquisition systems, signal generation and basic signal processing.

Working method

B-learning

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Mathematical analysis: functions, derivation, integration, limits, series.

Complex numbers.

Use of Matlab.

Electric circuits and elementary circuit analysis.

Program

1. Basic concepts of Signals and Systems. Examples of bio-signals and their processing systems. Signals: characteristics, transformations, combinations, decomposition and comparison; Signal correlation. Modulation.

2. Fourier analysis for continuous and discrete signals. The Fourier series and the Fourier Transform.

3. Linear and time invariant systems: impulse response and convolution. Block diagrams.

4. Linear Systems Analysis.

5. Analogue electronics: basic devices and functions: diode rectification, transistor, zener diode, regulation, amplification, elementary filtering and modulation. Non-linear circuits: limiters, comparators, elementary logic circuits.

6. AC circuit analysis and phasor analysis. Circuit analysis with the Fourier transform. Simulation of circuits.

7. Operational amplification. Complement of circuit analysis. Linear and non-linear circuits.

8. Data acquisition: sampling, quantisation, coding and signal reconstruction. Biomedical systems examples.

Mandatory literature

Oppenheim, Alan V.; Signals & systems. ISBN: 0-13-651175-9
Silva, Manuel de Medeiros; Introdução aos circuitos eléctricos e electrónicos. ISBN: 972-31-0696-5
Alexander, Charles K.; Fundamentos de circuitos eléctricos. ISBN: 0-256-25379-X
Manuel de Medeiros Silva; Circuitos com transistores bipolares e MOS. ISBN: 972-31-0840-2
Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith; Microelectronic circuits. ISBN: 0-19-514252-7
Semmlow, John; Signals and Systems for Bioengineers, Academic Press, 2012. ISBN: 978-0-12-384982-3

Complementary Bibliography

Lourtie, Isabel M. G.; Sinais e sistemas. ISBN: 972-592-130-5
Buck, John R.; Computer explorations in signals and systems. ISBN: 0-13-732868-0
Carlson, Gordon E.; Signal and linear system analysis. ISBN: 0-471-12465-6
Soliman, Samir S.; Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems. ISBN: 0-13-569112-5
Campilho, Aurélio Joaquim de Castro; Instrumentação electrónica. ISBN: 972-752-042-1
Gueorgui Smirnov; Análise complexa e aplicações. ISBN: 972-592-152-6

Teaching methods and learning activities

-Theoretical-practical classes: presentation with calculus, signal and circuit analysis examples. Problem solving outside classes.

-Laboratory classes: assignments on signals and electronics with construction, measurement and analysis. Reports done outside classes.

Software

Matlab
Labview (Multisim)

keywords

Physical sciences > Physics > Electronics
Technological sciences > Engineering > Electronic engineering
Technological sciences > Engineering > Systems engineering > Systems theory
Technological sciences > Technology > Computer technology > Signal processing

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	25,00
Trabalho laboratorial	50,00
Teste	25,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Elaboração de relatório/dissertação/tese	28,00
Estudo autónomo	42,00
Frequência das aulas	68,00
Trabalho laboratorial	24,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

According to General Evaluation Rules of FEUP, students have to attend classes regularly.

The grade of the laboratory activity is kept for the 2 following years unless the syllabus changes.

Students with frequency are recommended to attend the theoretical classes, although this is not enforced.

Calculation formula of final grade

-Grades: 0-20 mark

- Evaluation components and elements and their weights:

a) PLab component (50% - minimum grade 10/20):

Lab Reports => discussion and grades -> weighted average -> CTr (30%)

Mini-project report -> CPr (20%)

b) TP component (50% - minimum grade 8.5/20):

Test and Exam -> CTe (25%) and CEx (normal and second) (25%)


- Minimum grade of any evaluation element: 8.5/20.


- Calculation formula for final classification (CF):

CF = 0,3 x CTr + 0,2 x CPr + 0,25 x CTe + 0,25 x CEx
 

- If CF>18, students may be requested to attend an oral exam.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Laboratory assignments will be concluded by reports.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Students will be assessed as regular students. To be admitted to exams students have to follow the specific General Evaluation Rules of FEUP.

Classification improvement

Recurso (resit) exam only applicable to the results of written tests and done by specific tests.

Observations

Students have to attend theoretical-practical and laboratory classes and cannot miss more classes than allowed by the rules.

Even if students justify their absence, they are urged to carry out the assignments scheduled for that class, in any other class or outside class time.

Unjustified absence without proof of acomplishment of recommended activities will cause a null evaluation of the mentioned activities.

Classes should be prepared by students in order to reach the proposed goals. In particular in the laboratory assignments, preparatory activities recommended are considered in the homework load.

Group activity should follow the most demanding interpersonal collaboration norms, with balanced workload distribution amongst the group elements and personal availability.

Reports must comply to the most demanding originality and citation rules.