Thermodynamics I

Code:

L.EM007

Acronym:

T I

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Fluids and Energy

Instance: 2023/2024 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Fluids and Energy Section
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EM	278	Syllabus	1	-	6	52	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Specific: understanding the diverse forms of energy (similarities and differences) as well as the basic laws of thermodynamics and their application systems.

Learning outcomes and competences

Expected outcomes: Students should know how to deal with the issue of energy, should be able to apply the fundamental laws of thermodynamics to systems and must be able to perform energy balances as well as calculate the energy efficiency of systems.

 

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Mathematical Analysis I

Program

1. Basic concepts of Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics and Energy; Importance of units and dimensions; Control systems and volumes; System properties; Density and relative density; State of balance; Processes and cycles; Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics; Pressure; Troubleshooting techniques.


2. First Law of Thermodynamics for closed systems

Introduction; Forms of Energy; Energy transfer due to heat; Work; Mechanical forms of work; The first law of thermodynamics; Energy conversion efficiency.


3.Properties of pure substances

Pure substance; Phases of a pure substance; Phase change process of a pure substance; Property diagrams for phase change processes; Property tables; Equation of state for perfect gases; Compressibility factor.


4. Energy analysis for closed systems

Mobile frontier work; Energy balances in closed systems; Specific heats; Internal energy, enthalpy and specific heats of ideal gases; Internal energy, enthalpy and specific heats of solids and liquids.


5. Mass and energy analysis in volumes control

Mass conservation; Flow work and the energy of a flowing fluid; Energy balance of steady-state processes; Some engineering devices with steady state flow; Energy balance of transient processes.


6. Second Law of Thermodynamics

Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics; Thermal Energy Reservoirs; Thermal machines; Refrigerators and heat pumps; perpetual motion machines; Reversible and irreversible processes; Carnot Cycle; Carnot's Principles; Thermodynamic temperature scale; Carnot heat engine; Carnot fridge and heat pump; Domestic refrigerators.


7. Entropy

Entropy; Entropy increase principle; Entropy variation of pure substances; Isentropic processes; Diagrams of properties involving entropy; What is entropy; The equations Tds. Entropy variation in solids and liquids; Entropy variation in perfect gases; Reversible work of a steady state flow. Minimize the work of a compressor; Reduced cost of compressed air; Isentropic yields.

Mandatory literature

Clito Afonso; Termodinâmica para Engenharia, FEUP edições, 2012
Óscar Mota; Exercícios Resolvidos de Termodinâmica, Lidel - Edições Técnicas, 2017. ISBN: 978-989-752-268-0
Paulo Coelho; Tabelas Termodinâmicas, FEUP, 2007

Complementary Bibliography

Howell, John R.; Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, N
Rogers, Gordon; Engineering thermodynamics work and heat transfer, N. ISBN: 0-582-04566-5
Çengel, Yunus A; Thermodynamics, N. ISBN: 0-07-112177-3
Sonntag/Wyley; Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, N

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical Lessons (T) -Classroom teaching.
Topics exposed with power point with the resolution of practical applications.

Theoretical-Practical lessons (TP)  - Classroom teaching.
Resolution of problems extracted from a book of problems.


Weekly lessons - 2h T + 2h TP

Laboratory work - 4 h

Students contact (timetable to be defined by each professor).

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	60,00
Teste	30,00
Trabalho laboratorial	10,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	95,00
Frequência das aulas	63,00
Trabalho laboratorial	4,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Please see the General Evaluation Rules of FEUP.

A student is considered to have completed attendance at a curricular unit if, being regularly enrolled, he or she does not exceed the limit number of absences corresponding to 25% of classes in the typologies (theoretical, theoretical-practical, laboratory) defined as mandatory in the unit's form curriculum.

Calculation formula of final grade

Laboratory works to be done during the semestre (not repeatable) with a weight of 10% the exam grade.

The distributed evaluation of this course will be evaluated by a theoretical mini test in the Moodle platform covering the first half of the matter, without consultation, to be done during the semestre, with a weight of 15% in the exam grade.

During the exam time, the evaluation will be composed of a theoretical mini test covering the second half of the matter, without consultation, with a weight of 15% in the exame grade and a practical test weighing 60% on the final exam grade, maintaining the previous components of the distributed assessment (mini test (15%) + laboratory work (10%)).

For other exams, the evaluation will consist of a theoretical test, covering all the matter, without consultation, with a weight of 30%, and a practical exam, covering all the matter with a weight of 60%, keeping the laboratory evaluation (10%).

Lack of comparancy to the laboratory works, theoretical tests and practical exam are classified with zero grade.

The theoretical tests have a 15 min. duration.
The maximum evaluation time is 100 min.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Evaluation only with a written exam on a date to be set by the course’s responsible.

Classification improvement

The final classification of the curricular unit is the highest, between the one initially obtained and the one resulting from the improvement in the classification made.

Observations

On the pratical exams students can only use the book Termodinâmica para Engenharia and thermodynamic tables. Those that don´t have the recommended book can use 4 pages (A4) with any kind of information.