Fluid Mechanics

Code:

L.EA016

Acronym:

MF

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Technological Sciences - Engineering

Instance: 2023/2024 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Fluids and Energy Section
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Environmental Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EA	57	Syllabus	2	-	6	58,5	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

To analyse, understand and characterise, based on the fundamental laws of mechanics and specific methodologies, the behavior of fluids, at rest and in motion, in order to solve basic problems of fluid mechanics in applied engineering.

 

Learning outcomes and competences

It is expected that at the end of the semester students:

1. Be able to characterise fluids by their properties and solve simple problems with Newton's law of viscosity;
2. Be able to apply the principles of fluid statics to manometry and to the characterisation of pressure forces on immersed flat surfaces;
3. Be familiar with the fundamental aspects of kinematics and dynamics in the context of fluid mechanics;
4. Know how to apply the mass and energy conservation equations to viscous flows in ducts, calculate load losses, energy requirements, estimate of the available flow and dimension simple ducts;
5. Understand and know how to use the characteristic curves of the pumps and fans, in order to select and analyze the operation of these equipment, know the geometrical similarity laws for pumps;
6. Be able to characterise open (water) channel flows and solve simple problems.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Expected priory knowledge: mathematical tools applied in the classes, such as integration and derivation rules and non-linear equations solving tools. Basic knowledge of physics (e.g. Newton's laws) and thermodynamics (e.g. perfect gas law and First Law).

Program

Fundamental concepts. Scope of Fluid Mechanics, velocity profiles, laminar and turbulent flow, the wall effect, dimensions and units. Viscosity and Newton's Law of viscosity and Couette flow. Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid models. Flow rate concept.
Fluid statics. Pressure in fluid at rest. Invariability of pressure with direction. Pascal principle. Hydrostatics fundamental equation. Manometry and other types of pressure measuring devices. Forces on immersed flat surfaces. Buoyancy.
One dimensional ideal flow. Mass conservation (continuity) equation (differential and integral approach), Bernoulli's equation (assumptions, application along a streamline and modifications), flow rate measurement.
Viscous flow in ducts. Laminar and turbulent regimes. Development zone. Friction losses. Darcy's coefficient and Darcy-Weisback's equation. Parabolic profile and solution for the laminar case. Logarithmic profile and turbulent soution (Colebrooke equation and Moody diagram). Minor losses in pipes. Inverse problems: determination of flow rate and dimensioning of ducts. Multiple pipe systems.
Centrifugal pumps and fans. Characteristic curves and operating point. Cavitation and suction capacity of pumps. Association of pumps in series and in parallel. Basics of dimensional analysis and non-dimensional pump laws.
Open channel flow. constant section open channel flow, best open channel shape, application of the Bernoulli equation to open channel and specific energy, flows of constant discharge, specific energy and channel depth, hydraulic jump.

Mandatory literature

Frank M. White; Fluid mechanics. ISBN: 0-07-116848-6
Bruce R. Munson, ... [et al.]; Fluid Mechanics. ISBN: 978-1-118-31867-6

Complementary Bibliography

Merle C. Potter, David C. Wiggert; Mechanics of fluids. ISBN: 0-13-571142-8
Yunus A. Çengel, John M. Cimbala ; trad. Katia Aparecida Roque, Mario Moro Fecchio; Mecânica dos fluidos. ISBN: 978-85-86804-58-8
Luis Adriano Oliveira, António Gameiro Lopes; Mecânica dos fluidos. ISBN: 972-8480-13-X

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lectures: two weekly sessions of 1.5h. Presentation of theoretical concepts and discussion. The theoretical classrooms are pre-recorded and placed on the moodle platform.

Theoretical-practical sessions: a weekly session of 1.5 h. Examples, exercises and discussion of student’s questions. 

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	92,00
Frequência das aulas	70,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Attendance, at least, 75% of the theoretical-practical sessions.

Calculation formula of final grade

Student assessment will be done through two theoretical / practical tests throughout the semestre. Each test will have a weight of 50% for the final grade. The durtation of each tests will be 90 minutes. Minimum score for approval is 9,5/20 of the weighed sum.

There will be a single theoretical / practical exam during the grade improvement/appeal examination season. It will be composed by two parts. The first part will cover the contents of the first theoretical/practical test, while the second part will cover the contents of the second theoretical/practical test. For succesful conclusion, the students must take on the part(s) in which they did not obtain minimum grade (9.5). Each part will contribute 50% to the final grade. The duration of the exame will be 120 minutes (60 for each part).

The final grade could be adjusted by 1/20, if poposed extra curricular problems are solved by the student, under the conditions defined by the teacher (timing, hand in method, etc.). This type of assessment will apply only when all other criteria for approval are met.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not planned.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

According to the FEUP rules, with the same format and rules of the resit exam.

Classification improvement

According to the FEUP rules, simultaneously and with the same format and rules of the resit exam.

Observations

Classes and all assessment elements will be exclusively in Portuguese.