Electricity and Electromagnetism

Code:

L.BIO014

Acronym:

ELEL

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Basic Sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology)

Instance: 2023/2024 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Engineering Physics
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Bioengineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.BIO	121	Syllabus	2	-	6	52	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Electricity and Electromagnetism aims to provide students of the Degree in Bioengineering with operational knowledge in electrical circuits and electromagnetism, which are fundamental to contemporary engineering. In particular, the physical laws discussed explain and allow action on physiological processes and biological signals and are used in sensors and instrumentation in production chains, as well as in biological and medical diagnostic devices.

In engineering, quality, certification and accreditation systems parallel to A3ES exist. In the United States of America, Conceiving -- Designing -- Implementing -- Operating (CDIO) is a quality system for designing Engineering courses. The UC is essentially integrated into the descriptors "1. Scientific-Technical Knowledge and Reasoning" and "2. Personal and professional skills" of the CDIO (Conceiving - Designing - Implementing - Operating) quality system. Namely: a) "1.1. Knowledge of fundamental sciences"; "1.2. Nuclear Engineering Knowledge (Engineering Sciences)"; c) "2.1. Thinking and solving Engineering problems"; d) "2.2. Experimentation and discovery of knowledge". The descriptor "3.1. Group work" of "3. Interpersonal skills" is also partially worked on.

In Europe, the EUR-ACE certification system is proposed by the European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education -- ENAEE. This network is not restricted to European countries and has the particularity of involving professional Engineering Orders. In Portugal, the member of EUR-ACE is the Order of Engineers. In this system, UC is essentially integrated into the descriptor "Knowledge and understanding" and, to a lesser extent, into the descriptors "Engineering Analysis" and "Communication and Teamwork".

Learning outcomes and competences

At a macro level it is expected with this curricular unit:

a) to develop physical intuition about situations of electromagnetic nature observed in nature and used in devices, identifying the physical laws that govern them;
b) to model these situations, making use of approximations, using analytical and numerical tools, judging the results obtained.
c) to measure in the laboratory electromagnetic quantities, in a variety of situations, comparing with predictions of the models.

 

Specifically at the end of the curricular unit students are expected to:

a) Describe the quantities, concepts and physical laws that govern Electric Circuits and Electromagnetism, with mathematical rigor, making correct use of scientific vocabulary and identifying domains of validity.
b) Identify several components of electrical circuits (sources, batteries, resistors, capacitors, inductors), analyse and model circuits in which they are present, in the continuous, transient and forced sinusoidal regimes, evaluating the reasonableness of the obtained results.
c) Make circuits and measure electromagnetic quantities (current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, magnetic and electric field intensities) in the laboratory, making use of multimeters, oscilloscopes and other sensors, estimating errors associated to the measurements, being critical in relation to the obtained results and comply with laboratory safety rules.
d) Compute the electric and magnetic fields created by charge and current distributions in static or quasi-static situations, using analytical and numerical tools, identifying the symmetries present. Apply these models to real situations.
e) Argue that the electromagnetic field is a single entity governed by the laws of electrodynamics, identifying situations where electromagnetic induction is present, modelling analytically and numerically simple situations of general relevance. Explain electromagnetic waves as an electrodynamic phenomenon, calculating some simple properties.
f) Analyse the energy at play in electromagnetic situations, calculating the energy stored in fields, charges or currents.
g) Model in simple situations the electromagnetic field in dielectric and magnetic materials, identifying polarization charges and magnetization currents. Describe electromagnetic phenomena in matter (e.g. electrical conduction in semiconductors, piezoelectric effect or diamagnetism).
i) Work in groups, organizing and sharing tasks, executing and justifying the steps taken in the task, critically listening to the justifications of the other members of the group in relation to their tasks.
j) Work respecting ethical values, developing a continuous study throughout the semester, verifying learning through the self-evaluation tools available at Moodle and the feedback of the teacher and study colleagues

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

It is assumed that the students have assimilated the contents of the curricular units Physics Fundaments and Mathematics II.

Sometimes Mathematics III concepts will be used.

Program

1. DC resistive networks


2. First order and second order reactive networks


3. Reactive networks in forced sinusoidal regime


4. The conservation of electrical charge


5. The electric field in steady state


6. The steady-state magnetic induction field


7. The electromagnetic field and electrodynamics


8. Energy and electromagnetic waves


9. Electromagnetic devices


10. (optional) Electromagnetism in matter

Mandatory literature

Umran S. Inan, Aziz S. Inan; Engineering electromagnetics. ISBN: 0-8053-4423-3
James W. Nilsson, Susan A. Riedel; Electric circuits. ISBN: 0-13-032120-6

Complementary Bibliography

Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N. O. Sadiku; Fundamentals of electric circuits. ISBN: 0-07-115126-5
J. David Irwin; Análise básica de circuitos para engenharia. ISBN: 85-216-1374-1
Paul Lorrain; Electromagnetism. ISBN: 0-7167-0064-6
David K. Cheng; Field and wave electromagnetics. ISBN: 0-201-12819-5
H. Moysés Nussenzveig; Curso de física básica. ISBN: 85-212-0134-6 (vol. 3)
Matthew N. O. Sadiku; Elements of electromagnetics. ISBN: 0-19-513477-X
Alfredo Barbosa Henriques, Jorge Crispim Romão; Electromagnetismo. ISBN: 972-8469-45-4
Lucília Brito; Campo electromagnético. ISBN: 972-773-029-9
Jaime Enrique Villate Matiz; Electromagnetismo. ISBN: 972-773-010-8
D. T. Edmonds; Electricity and magnetism in biological systems. ISBN: 978-0-19-850679-9 ((complement) Applications to biology)
Daniel A. Fleisch; A student.s guide to Maxwell.s equations. ISBN: 978-0-521-70147-1 ((complement) Support to Mawell's equations)
David J. Griffiths, Reed College; Introduction to electrodynamics. ISBN: 0-13-805326-X (At a more advanced level.)

Comments from the literature

The student should use only one bibliographic reference for electromagnetics and another for circuits. Several references are given allowing borrowing in the library.

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lecture classes: presentation by the lecturer of concepts; their illustration by solving key problems; problem solving by students under the supervision of the lecturer.

Laboratory: experimental ilustrastration of the curricular units concepts.

Moodle site: power-point presentations of the lectures, multimedia resources, problem sheets, self-evaluation tests, general information of the course and evaluation results.

Office hours: personalized tutorship where doubts on the theory and applications are clarified.

Software

spyder
octave/matlab

keywords

Physical sciences > Physics > Electromagnetism

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	50,00
Teste	50,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	110,00
Frequência das aulas	52,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Students with a previous inscription in the course obtain "frequency" if:

- Obtain a mark of 10 valores in the distributed evaluation (AD).
- The laboratory mark is that of the previous year, if larger than 10 marks.

Student with a first inscription in the course obtain frequency if:

- Do not miss more than six recitation/laboratory classes;

- Obtain a mark of 10 valores in the distributed evaluation (AD).

The distributed evaluation (AD) consists in:

- mid-term test;

- two laboratory tests in pre-defined dates.

The AD mark is the average of the previous items.

Each laboratory test has two componentes: individual and group, each with the same weight,

Students without frequency cannot pass any exam, including the "recurso exam".

Calculation formula of final grade

If EF >= 8 then CF = 0.5 * AD + 0.5 * EF + B

If EF < 8 then CF = EF.

where CF is the final mark (0 to 20), AD the distributed evaluation mark (0 to 20), EF the final exam mark (0 to 20), B the optional bonus mark (0 to 2, can only be used in the Época Normal).

The bonus is not valid/usable in the Época de Recurso.

Examinations or Special Assignments

The optional bónus can be obtained by individual active participation.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

For the students that during the present academic year have a working student or military statute both the frequency conditions and obligatory distributed evaluation are optional. The students in the conditions described above and that have decided to opt out from the distributed evaluation scheme or decided not to use the previous academic year distributed evaluation mark are admitted to exam with the final mark given by the exam mark.

The students with the “dirigente associativo” statute cannot opt out from the distributed evaluation scheme.

Non-Portuguese speaking students will follow a tutorial regime. They are dispensed from classes (in Portuguese) and will contact the tutor, when needed, during office hours. All individual evaluations (mid-term test, individual laboratory, exams) will be converted to oral examinations. The students must follow the laboratory classes and retain the group laboratory marks.

Classification improvement

Through the “Recurso” exam, the final mark will be computed as: CF = MAX (CFN, 0.5 * DE + 0.5 * R, R) where CFN is the final mark in the “Épocal normal” (0 to 20), DE is the distributed evaluation mark (0 to 20), R the “Recurso” exam mark (0 to 20).

Observations

Office hours: weekday and time available in Moodl.

It is expected that students dedicate 4 to 6 hours of weekly study to the course, further to the normal attendance to the theoretical and recitation lectures. Those students who have not attended a distributed evaluation component and have a justification accepted by the secretariat can replace the component.

Any fraud (attempt) during the distributed evaluation process will lead to loss of frequency and non-admission to the final exam.