Structural Concrete

Code:

L.EC026

Acronym:

BE

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Structures

Instance: 2022/2023 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Structural and geotechnical Division
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Civil Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EC	197	Syllabus	3	-	6	65	162
M.EC	14	Syllabus	1	-	6	65	162

Teaching language

Portuguese and english

Objectives

In this Course Unit it is intended that students learn the principles, theories and models of analysis and design of reinforced concrete (RC) structural elements. These structural elements comprise simple components - such as ties, columns and beams -, which are part of RC building structures. In this context, it is intended that students acquire the necessary skills for the study of RC and prestressed elements applying the requirements of the Eurocode 2 (EC2), both in service and in failure situations, starting in the project practice.

This Course Unit aims to develop the following skills and competences:
(i) Ability to design RC structural elements, presenting drawings to allow the correct execution on site;
(ii) Critical evaluation of the solutions found, selecting safe options with the best cost/performance ratio;
(iii) Ability to solve Civil Engineering problems without a unique solution.

Learning outcomes and competences

SKILLS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Knowledge: To know the principles, theories and models suitable for the analysis and design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structural elements. Development of the interest in knowledge discovery, by working on Civil Engineering problems without a unique solution. Stimulation of critical thinking and creativity, seeking for improved solutions for structural concrete elements.

Comprehension: To understand the behaviour of reinforced and prestressed concrete elements, either under service conditions (linear-elastic behaviour) or in failure conditions (nonlinear behaviour). Interpretation and application the Eurocode 2 provisions for the analysis and design of structural concrete elements.

Application: Development of solutions for the appropriate design of reinforced and prestressed structural elements, by applying the provisions of  Eurocode 2. Elaboration of structural drawings which allow the correct construction of the designed structural elements.

Evaluation: Development of criticism in regards to the obtained solutions. To choose safe structural solutions with the best cost/performance ratio.

Civil Engineering Practice: Development of appropriate and feasible solutions for reinforced and prestressed concrete members. Presentation of solutions in structural drawings, including all the necessary information for proper execution on construction site.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: It is essential to have good knowledge of the course units related to Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis.

Program

Chapter 1 - Introduction. Bases of design. Historical perspective. Methods of analysis and design. Types of actions. Combinations of actions.

Chapter 2 - Material properties. Concrete: classification and constitutive relations. Reinforcing steel. Composite behaviour of concrete and steel.

Chapter 3 - Cross sections subjected to axial force and to bending. Sections subjected to axial forces. Prestressed concrete sections. General bases of flexure. Sections subjected to uniaxial bending. Sections subjected to uniaxial bending combined with axial force.  Sections subjected to biaxial bending.

Chapter 4 - Reinforced concrete beams. Shear. Analysis of the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams. Safety evaluation in terms of shear resistance. Design and detailing of beams.

Chapter 5 - Torsion. Torsion combined with shear and with bending moment.

Chapter 6 - Behaviour under service conditions. Control of stresses in concrete and steel. Control of the concrete cracking limit state.

DISTRIBUTION:

Scientific content – 70%
Technological content – 30%

DEMONSTRATION OF THE SYLLABUS COHERENCE WITH THE CURRICULAR UNIT'S OBJECTIVES:

Chapter 1 presents the main permanent and variable actions, the notions of ultimate and service limit states, and introduces the assessment of structural safety based on partial factors.

Chapter 2 deals with the properties of concrete and steel, and the respective classification according to EC2.

In Chapter 3, the design of cross-sections subjected to axial
force, bending moment and bending combined with axial force/biaxial bending is presented.

Chapter 4 is dedicated to the design of beams under shear forces, and the curtailment of the longitudinal reinforcement is discussed.

Chapter 5 deals with torsional design.

Chapter 6 deals with service checks related to the limitation of stresses in concrete and steel and to the control of concrete cracking.

With this training, students have the possibility to develop solutions for the design of columns, ties and beams, applying the requirements of EC2, both in service and in failure situations, starting in the project practice of structural concrete.

Mandatory literature

- Júlio Appleton; - Estruturas de Betão (Vols. 1 e 2), Edições Orion, 2013
- Reinforced Concrete Design to Eurocode 2. B. Mosley, J. Bungey and R. Hulse, Palgrave Macmillan, 6th Edition, 2007.
- Eurocódigos 0, 1 e 2.
- Textos e notas de apoio preparadas pelos docentes.

Complementary Bibliography

Arthur H. Nilson; Design of concrete structures. ISBN: 0-07-115425-6
- Construções de Concreto (Vols. 1, 3 e 4). F. Leonhardt e E. Mönnig, Editore Interciência Ltda, 1978.
- Hormigón Armado (Vols. 1 y 2). P. Jiménez Montoya, A. Garcia Meseguer, F. Morán Cabré, Editorial Gustavo Gili, S.A., 13ª Edición, 1994.

Teaching methods and learning activities

All subjects are presented and discussed during the theoretical classes (T), where the theories and models are explained. The theoretical-practical classes (TP) - including the laboratory practice ones - are dedicated to the discussion of the proposed exercises, and to clarification of the student doubts.

DEMONSTRATION OF THE COHERENCE BETWEEN THE TEACHING METHODOLOGIES AND THE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

The presentation in the T classes of the principles that support the analysis and design of RC structural elements, complemented by the presentation of the applicable rules of EC2, introduces the essential training that this Course Unit aims to provide on the field of design of ties, columns and beams. To support this training, application examples are presented in the T classes, addressing each of the subjects included in the programme. Properly selected to demonstrate the correct use of those principles and EC2 rules, these application examples provide the students with the essential training to autonomously solve the exercises that are proposed for resolution in the TP classes.
In the TP classes students are encouraged to present the doubts they felt when solving the proposed exercises dealing with all the subjects taught, discussing the respective solutions for the correct design of RC structural elements, and applying the requirements of EC2. The training in the elaboration of the drawing pieces that allow the correct execution on site of the designed elements is also dealt with in the T and TP classes.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	97,00
Frequência das aulas	65,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Achieving final classification requires compliance with attendance at the course unit, according to the L.EC assessment rules. It is considered that students meet the attendance requirements if, having been regularly enrolled, the number of absences of 25% for each of the presencial classes’ types is not exceeded.

Calculation formula of final grade

The final grade is defined with basis on a distributed evaluation, which is compulsory, and consists of two tests to be held during the semester. All the evaluation components are expressed on a 0-to-20 numerical scale.

The final grade, FG, is obtained with the following formula:

FG = 0.50 x CDE1 + 0.50 x CDE2

where:
CDE1 – classification on the test of Distributed Evaluation 1 (to be performed on 2023, March 29);
CDE2 – classification on the test of Distributed Evaluation 2 (to be performed during the period of examinations "Época Normal”).

NOTE 1: The tests of Distributed Evaluation 1 (DE1) and Distributed Evaluation 2 (DE2) are compulsory. If the student is not present at any of these tests, or if intends to improve the corresponding classifications, then the student must apply to the "Recurso" examination defined on the examination period.

NOTE 2: In the "Recurso" examination the student may opt for being evaluated on the program subjects: (i) just related to DE1, (ii) just related to DE2, or (iii) concerning all the program matters. For cases (i) and (ii) FG will be obtained using the formula defined above, considering for CDE1 and CDE2 the best classifications obtained by the student on the Distributed Evaluations and on the "Recurso" examination. For the student who has selected option (iii) the final grade FG will be the classification on the "Recurso" examination, or the FG classification which results from the formula above if the latter is superior and the student has performed both Distributed Evaluations.

NOTE 3: All students enrolled in the course unit are classified according to this method.

NOTE 4: Classifications from Distributed Evaluations obtained in previous scholar years are not applicable to the present scholar year.

NOTE 5: Students who wish to obtain a final grade over 17 must have a final grade FG not less than 17.5 and apply for an oral exam.