Electromagnetism

Code:

EEC0012

Acronym:

ELEM

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physics

Instance: 2014/2015 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	https://www.fe.up.pt/si/conteudos_adm.conteudos_list?pct_pag_id=1639&pct_parametros=p_ano_lectivo=2011/2012-y-p_cad_codigo=EEC0012-y-p_periodo=1S
Responsible unit:	Department of Engineering Physics
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Electrical and Computers Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEEC	452	Syllabus	2	-	7	70	189

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

The objectives of this course unit are such that students should:

- acquire fundamental knowledge of electromagnetism;

- develop reasoning and skills in autonomous and critical problem resolution;

- acquire discipline of continued work;

- have an attitude respectful of ethical values.

Learning outcomes and competences

At the end of this unit course, student should be able to:

- correctly use the laws governing electromagnetic phenomena;

- describe electromagnetism as a unifying theory of various electromagnetic phenomena observed in nature and used in technologies;

- use appropriate technical vocabulary;

- describe practical applications of Electromagnetism;

- have a critical attitude of the obtained final results.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

It is assumed that students have:

i) knowledge of Newtonian mechanics, that is, they know the three laws of Newton and are able to describe the forces and movements they produce

ii) some basic knowledge of the atomic structure of matter;

iii) knowledge of electrical circuits, i.e., to know the laws of Ohm and Kirchhoff and know how to deal with resistors, capacitors and inductors.

iv) some knowledge about vectors (for example, add vectors, write the position-vector of a particle in three-dimensional space and compute the inner and outer product of two vectors) and elementary calculus (i.e., to derive and integrate simple functions).

Program

1) Coordinate systems : cartesian, cylindrical and spherical; transformations between coordinate systems; elements of length, surface and volume.

2) Coulomb's Law : electric charge and its conservation; conductors and insulators ; discrete and continuous distributions of electric charge, electric force between point charges; superposition principle .

3 ) Electric Field : calculation of the electric field from Coulomb's law, the electric dipole, field lines. Gauss's law in integral form; electrical flow, the divergence theorem and the differential form of Gauss's Law .

4) Electrostatic Potential : conservative forces and fields, Stokes' theorem and the curl of the electrostatic field, the electric potential, equipotentials lines; differential relation between electric field and potential, the electric dipole, the differential form of the equations of electrostatics. The equations of Laplace and Poisson. Electrostatic energy .

5) Electrostatic of Conducting Materials : conductors in electrostatic equilibrium and theirs electrical properties , the power of the tips; electrostatic shielding.

6 ) Capacity and Electric Capacitors : plane, cylindrical and spherical capacitors; capacitors in series and parallel; electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor .

7) Electrostatic of Dielectric Materials: polarization charge, polarization vector, electric displacement vector ;  isotropic , homogeneous and linear dielectric materials: electric susceptibility, electric permittivity, dielectric strength and dielectric rupture. Capacitors with dielectric materials. Electrostatic energy in matter. Boundary conditions of the electric field.

8) Electric Current :  current density vecto . Metallic conductors : microscopic model of electric conduction , conductivity and electrical resistivity , resistivity changes with temperature. Ohm's law , electrical resistance , Joule's effect ; electromotive force ; continuity equation , Kirchhoff's laws .

9) Magnetic field : magnetic force between stationary electric currents , magnetic field B , Biot - Savart law , Ampere's law in integral form , the curl of the magnetostatic field  and the differential form of Ampere's law , magnetic force on an electric charge : Newton - Lorentz equation ; magnetic force on electric currents , forces and torques in turns. Divergence of the magnetic field , the magnetic vector potential . The differential form of the equations of magnetostatics. Inductance and coils : self-induction and mutual induction coefficients, the  Neumann's formula . Magnetic energy stored in a coil.

10) Magnetic Materials : the magnetic dipole , the magnetization vector , the magnetization currents , the magnetic field H , diamagnetism , paramagnetism and ferromagnetism , the hysteretic cycle ; misotropic , homogeneous and linear agnetic materials : magnetic susceptibility , magnetic permeability , boundary conditions for the magnetic field. Magnetic circuits : the  Hopkinson's law; magnetomotive force and magnetic reluctance ; Kirchhoff's laws for magnetic circuits .

11) Electromagnetic Induction : Faraday's law of induction , Lenz's law , the alternating electric current generator , the Faraday's law of induction in integral and differential forms ; ideal electrical transformer. Magnetic energy.

12) Maxwell's equations : the displacement current , the induced magnetic field , Ampere- Maxwell's law - in integral and differential forms ; Maxwell's equations in vacuum and in the presence of matter, electromagnetic waves and the speed of light in vacuum ; plane electromagnetic waves and harmonics , the electromagnetic spectrum , the equation of conservation of electromagnetic energy and Poynting vector.

Mandatory literature

Jaime E. Villate; Electromagnetismo. ISBN: 972-773-010-8
Alfredo Barbosa Henriques, Jorge Crispim Romão; Electromagnetismo. ISBN: 972-8469-45-4

Complementary Bibliography

H. Moysés Nussenzveig; Curso de física básica. ISBN: 85-212-0134-6 (vol. 3)
David J. Griffiths, Reed College; Introduction to electrodynamics. ISBN: 0-13-805326-X
Umran S. Inan, Aziz S. Inan; Engineering electromagnetics. ISBN: 0-8053-4423-3
Daniel Fleisch; A student.s guide to Maxwell.s Equations. ISBN: 978-0-521-70147-1
Daniel Fleisch; A Student's Guide to Vectors and Tensors, Cambridge University Press, 2011. ISBN: 0521171903
Edward M. Purcell,David J. Morin; Electricity and Magnetism, Cambridge University Press, 2013. ISBN: 1107014026, 9781107014022
Richard Fitzpatrick; Classical Electromagnetism, 1997

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lectures (TEORICO-PRÁTICAS): theoretical exposition and exercise solving  under the supervision of the teacher.

The distributed evaluationre will consist of two tests In pre-defined dates.

keywords

Physical sciences > Physics > Electromagnetism

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	60,00
Teste	40,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	112,00
Frequência das aulas	77,00
Total:	189,00

Eligibility for exams

►Students enrolling for the 1st time:

To attain admission to final exams students must:

- not exceed 10 (ten) absences to classes.

- get a minimum grade of 8 (out of 20) in the distributed evaluation.

► Students enrolling for the  2nd or more times:

For these students there is no criterion of attendance, they do not need to enroll in a class, but may attend classes.

Students that attained the conditions of admission to final exams in the previous academic year:

EITHER they keep previous distributed evaluation grade

OR they can, irreversible, choose to take again the distributed evaluation, being the previous distributed evaluation grade canceled, by simply attending the two tests

Students that did not attained the conditions of admission to final exams in the previous academic year:

EITHER take the distributed evaluation by simply attending the two tests

OR attend only "exame de recurso", performing this exam for 20 marks.

► Regardless of the classification obtained in the distributed evaluation, all students may attend "exame de recurso".

 

EXPLANATION OF DISTRIBUTED EVALUATION:

► Distributed evaluation will consist of 2 (two) tests performed on pre-defined dates.

► The tests, which will last for one hour and 45 minutes will be held simultaneously by all students in classroom(s) to indicate timely.

► Each test consists of 15 multiple-choice questions on subjects taught since the beginning of the semester and up to a date to be defined.

► Classification of distributed evaluation is given by:

AD = (3/8)* T1 + (5/8)* T2

where

T1 -  Test 1 grade (0-20 points)

T2 - Test 2 grade (0-20 points)

AD - Classification of Distributed Evaluation (0-20 points)

► The classification achieved in the distributed evaluation will only be taken into accountin the calculation of the final grade if the student obtains a minimum score on final exam of 8 (out of 20).

► FORECAST FOR THE DATES OF TESTS:

- TEST 1: October 22, 2014 (Wednesday)

- TEST 2: December 3, 2014 (Wednesday)

► TEST 1 subjects: from  the beginning of the semester up to "Folha 4" (Gauss's law) of "Caderno de Exercícios"

► In TEST 2 subjects: from  the beginning of the semester up to "Folha 10" (Biot-Savart) of "Caderno de Exercícios"

Calculation formula of final grade

If AD >=8 (out of 20) then the student is admitted to final exams.

In order to pass the unit course (final mark CF >= 10 points out of 20) students must get a minimum of 8 (out of 20) points on the final exam.

Then the final mark of the course is obtained as the maximum integer value between the marks obtained in EF and the value obtained by weighting  AD with 40% and EF with of 60% according to the formula given below:

If EF >= 8 then

CF = MAX (EF ; 0.4 * AD + 0.6 * EF) else CF= EF

where

AD - Distributed Evaluation (0 to 20 points)

EF - Final Exam (0 to 20 points)

CF - Final Mark (0 to 20 points)

Examinations or Special Assignments

n.a.

Internship work/project

n.a.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

- Students that have a special status (working students, military students) during the present academic year are dismissed from attending the classes and therefore to get a distributed evaluation grade. For these students the final mark will be that of the final exam. Nonetheless, these students can choose to enroll on one class and submit to the distributed evaluation. This option is irreversible.

Classification improvement

Through the 2nd round Final Exam.

Final Mark will be evaluate as follows:

CF = max (CFN, 0.4 * AD + 0.6 * R, R) where

CFN is the 1st. round final grade (from 0 to 20 points), AD is the Distributed Evaluation grade (from 0 to 20 points) and R is the 2nd. round Final Exam ("Exame de Época de Recurso") grade (from 0 to 20 points).

Observations

- Weekly time of study, beyond classes, is expected to be around 6 hours.

  - At the end of the course students are exepcted to have acquired the demanding skills to use without any difficulty the textbook "A Student's Guide to Maxwell's Equations" of Daniel Fleisch (see bibliography).

- In tests and final exams: i) it will not be allowed to use calculators ii) it may be used an equation sheet which will be provided.

- Any attempt of FRAUD during the distributed evaluation corresponds to fail immediately the course.