Indoor Environmental Control in Buildings

Code:

EM0056

Acronym:

C

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Heat Transfer and Fluid

Instance: 2014/2015 - 1S

Active?	Yes
E-learning page:	https://moodle.fe.up.pt/
Responsible unit:	Fluids and Energy Division
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Mechanical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEM	16	Syllabus since 2006/2007	5	-	6	45,5	162

Teaching language

English

Objectives

This course aims are divided in two: themes related with buildings and people’s comfort, as well as climatization equipments. At a first stage, students should be acquainted with basic concepts related with thermal behaviour of buildings, regarding the requisites that determine the required indoor environment conditions, and the climate conditions that have an effect on buildings, as well as the response of building components, both individually and assembled. Students should know how to make correct decisions when working on the development and dimensioning of a building. This course also aims to familiarize students with: the different climatization equipment systems (their advantages and disadvantages) and master their usage. An introduction to dimensioning criteria and equipment selection will be given. Students should also be acquainted with energy efficiency and conservation in climatization systems, as well as with the regulation for building thermal and HVAC systems. This course also aims to give students the opportunity to learn basic concepts related with thermal behaviour of buildings through the study of calculation methods (dynamic and simplified), and concepts related with thermal loads of heating and cooling, as well as a methodology to estimate the energy that a building climitazation need during a year.

Learning outcomes and competences

The student should be able to design a HVAC system and assesses the quality of the project based in the low energy consumption and conservative energy opportunities. They must apply the mandatory national regulation for buildings and HVAC systems.

Working method

Presencial

Program

1.Psychrometry (Revision) 2. Comfort 3 .Air quality 4. Infiltrations and natural ventilation 5. Climate 6. Solar geometry and solar radiation 7. Thermal and energy balance in buildings 8 Priorities in thermal conception of buildings 9 .Bioclimatic buildings (passive systems) 10. Climatization systems 11. Heating systems 12. Energy recovery systems 13. Places with high latent load 14. Heat and cool sources 15. Heating thermal load for buildings: calculation 16. Methods of calculating cooling thermal load 17. Methods of calculating climatization procedures (heating and cooling) for buildings 18. Regulamento das Características de Comportamento Térmico de Edifícios (RCCTE) (Portuguese regulation for the characteristics in the thermal behaviour of buildings) 19. Regulamento dos Sistemas Energéticos de Climatização em Edifícios (RSECE) (Portuguese regulation for energy systems and buildings climatization) 20. Economic analysis of energy alternatives 21. Fluids distribution: piping networks and thermal storage systems 22. Principles of energy conservation in climatization systems 23. Use of concepts to a concrete situation. To know how to use software to analyse energy in buildings and systems and dimensioning.

Mandatory literature

Decreto-Lei n.o 79/2006 :O Regulamento dos Sistemas Energéticos de Climatização, Diário da República Portuguesa
Mendes, J. Casimiro 070; Temperaturas exteriores de projecto e números de graus-dias
NP EN 378 - 1,2 e 3: Sistemas frigoríficos e bombas de calor . Requisitos de segurança e protecção ambiente, Instituito Português da Qualidade, 2001
Santos, C. A. Pina dos; Coeficientes de transmissão térmica de elementos da envolvente dos edifícios. ISBN: 972-49-1374-0
Decreto-Lei n.o 80/2006: O Regulamento das Características de Comportamento, Diário da República Portuguesa, 2006
McQuiston, Faye C.; Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. ISBN: 0-471-35098-2
Decreto-Lei n.o 78/2006: A Directiva n.o 2002/91/CE, do Parlamento Europeu, Diário da República Portuguesa, 2006

Complementary Bibliography

Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria (ISO 7730:2005), CEN/ISO, 2005
ASHRAE; Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning applications. ISBN: 1-883413-72-9
Allard, Francis 340; Natural ventilation in buildings. ISBN: 1-873936-72-9
ASHRAE; Norma 62-2001: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality , ASHRAE, 2001

Teaching methods and learning activities

Each of the theoretical-practical classes last 120 minutes, in which themes of the course are taught. These classes will not only be based on the theoretical presentation of themes, but also on problem solving and discussion. It is scheduled a study trip to a construction site in order to acquaint students with real systems and their problems (local to be defined). It will take place two laboratory sessions: one with equipment of relative humidity measurement, and another with equipment of flow rate measurement. Students have to write a report on these two laboratory sessions. Students will also have to do an assignment on the practical application of regulation (RCCTE and RSECE).

Software

CADVent
RCCTE-STE
Energy+
CADVent
Energy+

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	60,00
Trabalho laboratorial	40,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Elaboração de projeto	60,00
Total:	60,00

Eligibility for exams

Attending to classes and write and present reports on the laboratory classes

Calculation formula of final grade

Distributed Classification: Mini-test or final exam: 60% of the final mark Reports about the laboratory classes: 45% of the Final Mark Professor’s opinion: one mark lower or higher

Examinations or Special Assignments

1. Techniques of relative humidity measurement Different types of equipment (psychometric, dew point calculator and capacitive measurement) – comparison of results and analyse equipment accuracy. Comfort assessment of each student regarding environment conditions in classroom, as well as students’ clothes and activity. Students have to measure objective environmental conditions. 2. Air flow measurement. Air flow measurement techniques in installations of forced ventilation, rectangular and circular ducts, including pitot, hot wire, integral methods, etc; Reference to regulation, influence of localization of measurement points; Data analysis and comparison of accuracy between different measurement methods; Energy balance of an HVAC installation. 3. Calculation of thermal load on a specific building; application of regulation: RCCTE and RSECE; assessment of energy needs

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

A written exam (60% of the Final Mark) Laboratory assignments (40%)

Classification improvement

According to General Evaluation Rules of FEUP