Termodinamics and Heat Transfer

Code:

EIG0019

Acronym:

TTC

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Heat Transfer and Fluid

Instance: 2013/2014 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Fluids and Energy Division
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Engineering and Industrial Management

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEIG	91	Syllabus since 2006/2007	3	-	7	70	189

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

In a world where energy is an increasingly scarce and expensive commodity, is critical to an industrial engineer to possess a solid knowledge of thermodynamics so he can take informed decisions in this area. Students should therefore know the functioning of the various thermodynamic cycles of thermal engines and refrigeration machines, as well as being able to perform basic calculations of heat transfer. SPECIFIC AIMS This course unit aims to provide the students with a solid knowledge in the area of thermodynamics and heat transfer as well as some training in team work, through the realization of thermal design of several equipments, using the knowledge of thermodynamics and heat transfer acquired in this course.

Learning outcomes and competences

At the end of this subject students shall be able to: Basic engineering calculations: define, calculate and estimate properties, or variations in properties, of substances or of thermodynamic systems, such as enthalpy, internal energy, entropy, specific volume, mass flow rate, pressure and temperature. Thermodynamic calculations using the first law: Define and calculate works of acceleration and elevation of masses, in a gravitational field, electric, shaft and boundary displacement. Define and calculate heat and work exchanges between a system and its neighbourhood in close and open systems, stationary or unsteady flow. Applications of the second law: calculate ideal thermal efficiencies of heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps. Define and calculate efficiencies of several energy conversion devices. Define and calculate isentropic efficiencies of several steady flow devices. Power and refrigeration cycles: draw the thermodynamic cycles in properties plots and calculate their thermal efficiencies with several degrees of realism. Heat transfer: perform calculations of heat transfer by conduction in plane, cylindrical and spherical surfaces. Computation: Use the EES program in the resolution of problems involving energy balances and other thermodynamic applications. Team work: work effectively in problem-solving teams and carry out meaningful performance assessments of individual team members

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Students should have knowledge inherent to the following curricular units, or equivalent: EM0009: Differential Calculus in R., Integral Calculus in R.. EM0010: Partial and directional derivatives; partial derivatives of higher order, EIG0004: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, Resistive Network Analysis. EM0014: Introduction to vector mechanics applied to statics and presentation of the concepts of Force, Moment and resultant of a force system. Static equilibrium in two and three dimensional systems. System Definition and its free body diagram. EIG0020: Analysis of Stress: Concept of Stress, equilibrium equations.

Program

INTRODUCTION:Thermodynamics; Heat transfer, Fluid Mechanics; Dimensions and units; Engineering software packages, EES; Accuracy, precision and significant digits. BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS: Closed and Open Systems; Properties of a System; State and Equilibrium; Processes and Cycles; Forms of Energy; Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics;Pressure; The manometer;barometer and the atmosferic pressure. PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES: Pure Substance; Phases of a Pure Substance; Property Diagrams for Phase-Change Processes; Property Tables; Ideal-Gas Equation of State; Compressibility Factor; Specific Heats; Internal Energy - Enthalpy, and Specific Heats Of Ideal Gases, Solids and Liquids. ENERGY TRANSFER BY HEAT, WORK, AND MASS: Heat transfer; Energy transfer by work; Mechanical forms of work; Nonmechanical forms of work; Conservation of massa principle;Flow work. FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: First Law of Thermodynamics; Energy Balance for Closed Systems; Energy Balance for Steady-Flow Systems; Some Steady-Flow Engineering Devices; Energy balance for unsteady-Flow processes. SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: Thermal Energy Reservoirs; Heat Engines; Energy Conversion Efficiencies; Refrigerators and Heat Pumps; Perpetual-Motion Machines; Reversible and Irreversible Processes; The Carnot Cycle; The Carnot Principles; The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale; The Carnot Heat Engine; The Carnot Refrigerator and Heat Pump ENTROPY: Entropy; The Increase of Entropy Principle; Entropy Change of Pure Substances; Isentropic Processes; Property Diagrams Involving Entropy; The T ds Relations; Entropy Change of Liquids and Solids; The Entropy Change of Ideal Gases; Reversible Steady-Flow Work; Minimizing the compressor work; Isentropic Efficiencies of Steady-Flow Devices. POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES: Basic considerations in the analysis of power cycles; The Carnot cycle; Air standard assumptions; An over view of reciprocating engines; Otto cycle; Diesel cycle; Brayton cycle; Brayton cycle with regeneration; Carnot vapor cycle; Rankine cycle; Deviations of actual vapor power cycles from idealized ones; The ideal reheated Rankine cycle; refrigerators and heat pumps; The reversed Carnot Cycle; The ideal e actual vapor-compression refrigeration cycles; Heat pump systems MECHANISMS OF HEAT TRANSFER: Conduction; Copnvection; Radiation; Simultaneous heat transfer mechanisms. STEADY HEAT CONDUCTION: Steady heat conduction in plane walls; Thermal contact resistence; Generalized thermal resistence networks; Heat conduction in cylinders and spheres; Critical radius of insulation; Finned surfaces; Heat transfer in common configurations. TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION: lumped system analysis, transient heat conduction in large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres with spatial effects, transient heat conduction in semi-infinite solids, transient heat conduction in multidimensional systems.

 

Mandatory literature

Yunus A. Çengel e Robert H. Turner; Fundamentals of thermal-fluid sciences , McGRAW-HILL, 2005
P. M. Coelho; Tabelas de termodinâmica, Feup Edições, 2007

Complementary Bibliography

Paulo Pimentel de Oliveira; Fundamentos de Termodinâmica Aplicada, análise energética e exergética, Lidel, 2012. ISBN: 978-972-757-903-7
Clito Afonso; Termodinâmica para a Engenharia, FEUP Edições, 2012. ISBN: 978-972-752-143-2

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical classes: presentation of fundamental concepts Practical classes: resolution of exercises out of a collection of problems of the course. Team work using cooperative learning techniques suggest by Prof. Richard M. Felder.

Software

EES - Engineering Equation Solver

keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Mechanical engineering

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	50,00
Teste	25,00
Trabalho escrito	25,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	100,00
Frequência das aulas	70,00
Total:	170,00

Eligibility for exams

See general regulations of FEUP

Calculation formula of final grade

Individual work consisting in the application of the EES program, 7% of the course grade. Homework ( in teams), 18% of the course grade. Two tests with a weight 25% and 50% of the course grade. Makeup test, 75% of the course grade The homework and individual work grades will only count if the average grade on the tests is 10 or above. In teams whose average rating of all its elements, test or examination, exceeds in 1.5 values the provisional course average mean value of the group, will have a bonus of 5% in the classification of that test or exam.

Examinations or Special Assignments

For students exempted from compulsory attendance of the classes they will have an exam about the all syllabus, with a weight in the final grade of 85% and  an individual work done with the EES software, with a weight in the final grade of 15%. The grade of the individual work will only be considered if the grade of the exam is higher than 10.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

See "Examinations"

 

Classification improvement

Improving the final grade is carried out by an exam covering the whole syllabus, and with a weight in the final grade of 75%. The grade of the individual work can be improved by conducting another individual work, i.e., solving another problem, but this time in the presence of the teacher and a period of no longer than one and a half  hour. The grede of the group work can be improved by conducting another group work but this time without interaction with the teacher.

Observations

During the exams, the student can only consult the Thermodynamic Tables, as well as four sheets of paper on which the student will write all the information he finds necessary. Language of instruction: Portuguese.