Physics II

Code:

EQ0075

Acronym:

F II

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physical Sciences (Physics)

Instance: 2012/2013 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	http://moodle.fe.up.pt/1213
E-learning page:	https://moodle.fe.up.pt/
Responsible unit:	Department of Engineering Physics
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Chemical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEQ	73	Syllabus	2	-	6	49	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

The objectives of this course unit are such that students:

- acquire fundamental knowledge of Electromagnetism, Electrical Circuits and Geometrical Optics.

- develop reasoning by critically and autonomously solve exercises.

- acquire a critical attitude regarding final results, by using dimensional analysis, estimatating the order of magnitude, studying the interdependence between quantities and the study of solution behaviour in limit cases.

- develop a a discipline of continuous work during the semester.

- develop a respectful attitude: ethic values, mutual respect and honesty.

Learning outcomes and competences

At the end of this course unit, students should be able to:

- correctly use the laws which rule electromagnetic and geometrical optical phenomena;

- use appropriate technical vocabulary to explain the different concepts.

- present Electromagnetism as a unifying theory of the various electromagnetic and optical phenomena, that can be observed in Nature, and used in technology.

- describe and explain essential concepts of electromagnetism (electric field, electric current, direct current electrical circuits, magnetic field, electromagnetic induction, alternating current electrical circuits, electromagnetic waves), the essential properties of light (propagation, reflexion and refraction) and the basic concepts of geometrical optics (rays tracing and imaging).

- describe and explain the functioning of practical applications of electromagnetism (capacitors, electric resistances, coils, electric engines, electric generators and transformers), of direct and alternating current circuits, and  of geometrical optics (mirrors, lenses and microscopes).

- identify and make a distinction between steady and time-dependent phenomena.

- explain in an elementary level the microscopic mechanisms responsible for macroscopic phenomena: atomic structure of matter, polar and non-polar molecules, Drude model for the electrical conduction, microscopic currents as a source of magnetism and interaction between radiation and matter (absorption and emission).

- show a critical attitude towards the obtained final results.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

- knowledge of newtonian mechanics (Newton's laws, description of forces and motions).

- knowledge of vector calculus (sum, cross and dot products).

- elementary calculus (differentiation and integration of simple functions).

- simple differential equations.

Program

INTRODUCTION: Coordinates; Vectors; Revision of Mechanics and Gravity Field.

ELECTROSTATICS: Atomic structure of matter; insulators and capacitors; charging by friction, induction and conduction; electrical charge; Coulomb’s law (electric force); electric field; field lines; Gauss’s law; electric potential; electrostatic energy; electrical capacity; vacuum capacitors; electric field in matter: dielectric materials (electric dipole; dipolar moment and polarisation, dielectric susceptibility; dielectric constant; dielectric rupture). Relative electrical permittivity; Dielectric capacitors.

ELECTRIC CURRENT: Conductors; Electric current; Electric current density; Drude model: conduction electrons, electron-network interaction, conduction velocity, collision, conductivity and electrical resistivity. Electrical resistance; Ohm’s law; Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity; Joule effect.

DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS: Ideal and real electromotive sources; Kirchoff’s laws; Association of resistances and capacitors; Charge divider, current and voltage using resistances and capacitors; RC circuit; Circuit resolution methods with sources, resistances and capacitors.

MAGNETIC FIELD: Stationary electric currents as a source of magnetostatic field; Magnetostatic field; Field lines; Biot-Savart’s law; Ampere’s law; Magnetostatic energy; Coils; Coefficient of self-inductance; Magnetic force over an electric charge; Matter spectrometer; Magnetic force over a wire; Operation of an electrical engine; Magnetic field matter: diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials; Relative magnetic permeability; ferromagnetic core coils.

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD: Electromagnetic induction: Lenz’s und Faraday’ law; Functioning of an electrical generator and electrical transformer; Maxwel’s displacement current; Ampere-Maxwell’s law; Electromagnetic field; Maxwell’s equation in free space; Electromagnetic waves; Radio waves transmission-reception antennas.

ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS: Generators of alternating current; Alternating current resistances, coils and capacitors; Electrical impedance; Study of circuits: RC, RL, LC and RLC; Resonance; Filters

PROPERTIES OF LIGHT: Atoms, electrons and photons; de Broglie’s relation; Simple quantum systems: infinite potential well and hydrogen atom; Line spectrum; Interaction of radiation with matter: absorption, spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, spreading, photoelectric effects and Compton effect; Functioning of a laser; Propagation of light; Reflexion; Refraction; Optical fibres; Huygen’s principle; Fermat’s principle; Dispersion; Rainbow; Polarisation (by absorption and reflexion).

GEOMETRICAL OPTICS: Spherical and plane mirrors; Spherical refracting surfaces; Spherical thin lens; Optical instruments: human eye, microscope, and telescope.

INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION: Interference and diffraction figures produced by two slits; Diffraction by a slit (Fraunhofer and Fresnel); Diffraction networks; Spectroscopes; Holograms.

Mandatory literature

Paul A. Tipler; Física para cientistas e engenheiros. ISBN: 85-216-1215-X (vol.2)
L M Martelo; Apontamentos da disciplina.
Thomas A. Moore; Six ideas that shaped physics. ISBN: 0-07-239711-X
Paul A. De Young; "Unit O - Geometrical Optics", 2001
Richard Fitzpatrick; Electromagnetism and Optics, University of Texas at Austin, 1999

Teaching methods and learning activities

- Recitations classes (TP): presentation of concepts, examples and problem solving.

- Practical classes (P): problem solving under the supervision of the instructor.

- Moodle site: download of theoretical lectures presentations, multimedia resources, exercises sheets, self-evaluation tests, general information on the course, midterm-exams and exams examples, etc.

keywords

Physical sciences > Physics > Optics
Physical sciences > Physics > Electromagnetism

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	50,00	92,00
Continuous Assessment	Teste	2,00	4,00
Final Exam	Exame	2,00	4,00
	Total:	-	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Description	Type	Time (hours)	End date
home study during semester	Estudo autónomo	72
Study for Continuous Assessment	Estudo autónomo	12
Study fpr Final Exam	Elaboração de projeto	25
	Total:	109,00

Eligibility for exams

Students will be admitted to final exams if they are enrolled in the course unit and if they:

1. Do not miss more classes than allowed (nine classes).

2. Achieve a minimum grade of 6 (six) out of 20 in the continuous assessment component.

Continuous assessment will be based on 2 mini-tests. They will last one hour and will take place during recitations classes (TP).

- Dates of the mini-tests:

MT1-  April, 5th (7th week of classes)

MT2-  May, 31st (13th week of classes)

Students who were admitted to exams in 2011/2012 academic year do not need to attend classes and their grades will be maintained. However, they can choose to take the continuous assessment component again, but the grades of the previous year will not be taken into account. This decision is irreversible.

Calculation formula of final grade

CA- Continuous Assessment (0-20 points)

FE- Final Exam (0-20 points)

FG- Final Grade (0-20 points)

If CA >= 6 then the student is admitted to final exams.

In order to pass the course (final grade FG >= 10 points) students must get a minimum grade of 8 (eight) points on the final exam.

CA has a 30% weight and FE has a 70% weight of the FG.

If FE >= 8 then FG=MAX(0.3*CA+0.7*FE, FE) else FG=FE.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not applicable.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

- Students with a working student status or military personnel do not need to attend classes and take the continuous assessment component. Their final grade will be based on the grade achieved in the final exam. However, these students can choose to take the continuous assessment component. This decision is irreversible.

Classification improvement

Through the 2nd round Final Exam ("Exame final da época de recurso").

Final Grade will be evaluate as follows:

FG = max (0.3*CA+0.7*FEN, FEN, 0.3*AD+0.7*EFR, EFR)

where FG is the Final Grade (from 0 to 20 points), CA is the Continuous Assessment grade (from 0 to 20 points) EFN is the 1st. round Final Exam ("Exame final de época normal") grade (from 0 to 20 points),  and EFR is the 2nd. round Final Exam ("Exame final de época de recurso") grade (from 0 to 20 points).

Observations

- Besides attendance to classes, students should study around 6 hours per week for this course unit.

-Informations about the cousre and study material (notes, transparencies used in class, etc.) can be obtained at the course moodle web page: http://moodle.fe.up.pt/1213.

 -Students who justify their absence to a given mini-test at DEQ secretariat can attend to an extra mini-test.

- Any attempt of FRAUD during the continuous assessment means that students will not be admitted to exams.

- Schedule of weekly support to students: see moodlepage.