Physics II
Keywords |
Classification |
Keyword |
OFICIAL |
Physical Sciences (Physics) |
Instance: 2009/2010 - 2S
Cycles of Study/Courses
Acronym |
No. of Students |
Study Plan |
Curricular Years |
Credits UCN |
Credits ECTS |
Contact hours |
Total Time |
MIEQ |
82 |
Syllabus |
2 |
- |
6 |
49 |
162 |
Teaching language
Portuguese
Objectives
This course unit aims to acquaint students with fundamental knowledge in Electromagnetism and Geometrical Optics. It also aims to develop students’ personal and professional attitudes.
At the end of this course unit, students should have acquired the following skills:
1. Acquisition of technical knowledge (CDIO Syllabus: 1.1; 1.2)
1.1. Knowledge of underlying sciences
1.2. Core engineering fundamental knowledge
- To present Electromagnetism as a unifying theory of the various electromagnetic and optical phenomena, that can be observed in Nature, as well as be used in technologies.
- To correctly use laws which rule electromagnetic and geometrical optics phenomena.
- To describe and explain essential concepts of electromagnetism: electric field, electric current, electrical circuits of direct current, magnetic field, electromagnetic induction, electrical circuits of alternating current, electromagnetic waves.
- To describe and explain the essential properties of light: propagation, reflexion and refraction.
- To describe and explain basic concepts of geometrical optics: rays path and imaging.
- To describe and explain the functioning and practical applications of electromagnetism: capacitors, electric resistances, coils, electric engines, electric generators and transformers and basic devices of geometrical optics: mirrors, lens and microscopes.
- To identify and make a distinction between static and time phenomena.
- To explain the microscopic mechanisms responsible for macroscopic phenomena: atomic structure of matter, polar and non-polar materials, Drude model of electrical conduction, microscopic currents as a source of magnetism and interaction between radiation and matter (absorption and emission).
2. Development of personal and professional skills and attributes (CDIO Syllabus 2.1; 2.2; 2.3; 2.4)
2.1 Engineering reasoning and problem solving
2.2 Experimentation and knowledge discovery
2.3 System thinking
2.4 Personal skills and attitudes
- To acquire skills to critically and autonomously solve exercises.
- To enumerate the 4 stages of Pólya’s theorem and apply it.
- To have a critical attitude regarding final results, by using dimensional analysis, estimates and the study of interdependence between quantities and the study of solution behaviour in extreme cases.
- To develop a continuous work schedule during the semester.
- To develop written communication skills.
- To use appropriate vocabulary to explain the different concepts
- To develop a respectful attitude: ethic values, mutual respect and honesty
Program
INTRODUCTION: Coordinates; Vectors; Revision of Mechanics and Gravity Field
ELECTROSTATICS: Atomic structure of matter; insulators and capacitors; charging by friction, induction and conduction; electrical charge; Coulomb’s law (electric force); electric field; field lines; Gauss’s law; electric potential; electrostatic energy; electrical capacity; vacuum capacitors; electric field in matter: dielectric materials (electric dipole; dipolar moment and polarisation, dielectric susceptibility; dielectric constant; dielectric rupture). Relative electrical permittivity; Dielectric capacitors
ELECTRIC CURRENT: Conductors; Electric current; Electric current density; Drude model: conduction electrons, electron-network interaction, conduction velocity, collision, conductivity and electrical resistivity. Electrical resistance; Ohm’s law; Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity; Joule effect
DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS: Ideal and real electromotive sources; Kirchoff’s laws; Association of resistances and capacitors; Charge divider, current and voltage using resistances and capacitors; RC circuit; Circuit resolution methods with sources, resistances and capacitors.
MAGNETIC FIELD: Stationary electric currents as a source of magnetostatic field; Magnetostatic field; Field lines; Biot-Savart’s law; Ampere’s law; Magnetostatic energy; Coils; Coefficient of self-inductance; Magnetic force over an electric charge; Matter spectrometer; Magnetic force over a wire; Operation of an electrical engine; Magnetic field matter: diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials; Relative magnetic permeability; Ferromagnetic core coils
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD: Electromagnetic induction: Lenz’s und Faraday’ law; Functioning of an electrical generator and electrical transformer; Maxwel’s displacement current; Ampere-Maxwell’s law; Electromagnetic field; Maxwell’s equation in free space; Electromagnetic waves; Radio waves transmission-reception antennas
ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS: Generators of alternating current; Alternating current resistances, coils and capacitors; Electrical impedance; Study of circuits: RC, RL, LC and RLC; Resonance; Filters
___________________________________________________________________________________________
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT: Atoms, electrons and photons; de Broglie’s relation; Simple quantum systems: infinite potential well and hydrogen atom; Line spectrum; Interaction of radiation with matter: absorption, spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, spreading, photoelectric effects and Compton effect; Functioning of a laser; Propagation of light; Reflexion; Refraction; Optical fibres; Huygen’s principle; Fermat’s principle; Dispersion; Rainbow; Polarisation (by absorption and reflexion).
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS: Spherical and plane mirrors; Spherical refracting surfaces; Spherical thin lens; Optical instruments: human eye, microscope, and telescope
INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION: Interference and diffraction figures produced by two slits; Diffraction by a slit (Fraunhofer and Fresnel); Diffraction networks; Spectroscopes; Holograms
Mandatory literature
Paul A. Tipler;
Física para cientistas e engenheiros. ISBN: 85-216-1215-X (vol.2)
Richard Fitzpatrick; Electromagnetism and Optics, University of Texas at Austin, 1999
Paul A. De Young; "Unit O - Geometrical Optics", 2001
L M Martelo; Apontamentos da disciplina.
Teaching methods and learning activities
- (General) theoretical-practical classes- presentation of concepts, examples and problem solving
- Practical classes- problem solving under the supervision of the professor
keywords
Physical sciences > Physics > Electromagnetism
Evaluation Type
Distributed evaluation with final exam
Assessment Components
Description |
Type |
Time (hours) |
Weight (%) |
End date |
Attendance (estimated) |
Participação presencial |
56,00 |
|
|
|
Exame |
2,00 |
|
|
|
Exame |
2,00 |
|
|
|
Total: |
- |
0,00 |
|
Amount of time allocated to each course unit
Description |
Type |
Time (hours) |
End date |
|
Estudo autónomo |
72 |
|
|
Estudo autónomo |
14 |
|
|
Estudo autónomo |
16 |
|
|
Total: |
102,00 |
|
Eligibility for exams
Students will be admitted to exams if they are enrolled in the course unit and if they:
1. Do not miss more classes than allowed (nine classes),
2. Achieve a minimum grade of 10 (ten) out of 20 in the continuous assessment component.
Continuous assessment will be based on 2 mini-tests. They will last one hour and will take place during practical classes.
Dates of the mini-tests (PROVISIONAL DATES):
MT1- 12-15 April (8th week of classes)
MT2- 17-20 April (12th week of classes)
Students who were admitted to exams in 2008/2009 do not need to attend classes and their grades will be maintained. However, they can choose to take the continuous assessment component again, but the grades of the previous year will not be taken into account. This decision is irreversible.
See Article 4 of General Evaluation Rules of FEUP.
Calculation formula of final grade
CA- Continuous Assessment (0-20)
FE- Final Exam (0-20)
FG- Final Grade (0-20)
If CA >= 10 students are admitted to the final exam
To complete this course unit, students have to achieve FG >= 10 (ten) and reach a minimum grade of 8 (eight) in the final exam.
CA is worth 30% of the Final Grade, while the FE is worth 70% of the Final Grade.
If FE >= 8 so FG=0.3*CA+0.7*FE
otherwise FG=FE
Examinations or Special Assignments
Not applicable
Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)
Students with a working student status or military personnel do not need to attend classes and take the continuous assessment component. Their final grade will be based on the grade achieved in the final exam. However, students can choose to take the continuous assessment component. This decision is irreversible.
Students with students’ leader association status have to take the continuous assessment component.
See Article 4 and 6 of General Evaluation Rules of FEUP
Classification improvement
A final exam at recurso (resit) season
Final grade will be based on the following formula:
FG = max (0.3* CA + 0.7 * FEN, 0.3 * AD + 0.7 * FER, FER)
FG- Final (0-20)
CA- Continuous Assessment (0-20)
FEN- Final Exam at the normal season of exams (0-20)
FER- Final Exam at the recurso (resit) season (0-20)
Observations
Besides attendance to classes, students should study 6 hours per week for this course unit.
Students can consult this web-site: http://moodle.fe.up.pt/0910/course/view.php?id=906 to get information ABOUT mini-tests and study material (notes, transparencies used in class, etc)
Students who justify their absences at DEQ secretariat can attend to a mini-test.
Any attempt of FRAUD during the continuous assessment means that students will not be admitted to exams.