Retaining Walls and Foundations in Buildings

Code:

EC0119

Acronym:

CFED

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Building Construction

Instance: 2010/2011 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Building Division
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Civil Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEC	22	Syllabus since 2006/2007	5	-	5	45	133

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

JUSTIFICATION:
The course unit deals with issues which are very present in the professional activities of most of the graduates of the area of Construction, whose job opportunities are significantly associated with the building construction – work management - or their quality control, besides, of course, their design. These issues have had in the last decades a large and dynamic technological development, with audacious and innovative solutions, especially in the case of retaining walls in deep excavations and pile foundations.

OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the course unit is to transmit knowledge on the construction technologies and design of the different retaining structures and foundations in buildings. The several constructive systems and fundamental working concepts are studied in order to allow adequate conception, design and construction. Several design methods, assessed in practice, are applied. Case histories are analysed.

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE:
Some parts of the subjects taught in the units of Strength of Materials and Soil Mechanics.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
- Acquire knowledge on the constructive technologies (construction stages; constituent elements; materials; equipments; application fields; constructive details; advantages and disadvantages) of the different retaining structures used in buildings: Berliner walls; Reinforced concrete diaphragm walls; Reinforced concrete pile walls; metallic sheet pile walls; walls with jet-grout columns.
- conceive and design different types of retaining structures: Berliner walls; Reinforced concrete diaphragm walls; Reinforced concrete pile walls; metallic sheet pile walls.
- Acquire knowledge on the constructive technologies of the different types of building foundations, namely
spread footings (footings and mat foundation) and pile foundations (end bearing piles, friction and cohesion piles, driven piles, reinforced concrete bored piles).
- Acquire knowledge on constructive technologies of foundation reinforcement (jet-grouting, micro piles, stone columns);
- conceive and design different types of foundations: sngle footings; Combined footings; mat foundations; pile foundations; pile caps.

PERCENTUAL DISTRIBUTION:
Scientific component - 50%
Technological component - 50%

Program

Technology of retaining structures in buildings: Excavations. Lateral retaining walls. Reinforcement in foundations adjacent to excavations. The different types of flexible retaining structures. Strutted and anchored walls. Berliner walls; Reinforced concrete diaphragm walls; Reinforced concrete pile walls; metallic sheet pile walls; walls with jet-grout columns – Application fields; constructive systems; construction stages; constituent elements; pre-stressed anchors; metallic struts; equipments; drainage and waterproofing systems; definitive structure; constructive details; excavation works; case histories. Design – arching effect and pressures on the wall; bottom failure in clayey soils; pressures due to the water and surface loads; organic design of the wall elements (Berliner walls, reinforced concrete diaphragm wall, reinforced concrete pile wall, metallic sheet pile walls).
Technology of foundations in buildings: Spread footings. Single footings; Combined footings (two or more columns); Mat foundation. Pile foundations. End bearing piles. Friction and cohesion piles. Driven piles (timber, concrete and steel piles). Pile driven equipments (drop hammers, vibratory drivers, hydraulic jacks). Reinforced concrete bored piles. Single pile foundation. Group pile foundation. Pile caps. Micro piles. Jet-grout columns (single, double and triple jet systems). Reinforcement with stone columns. Field applications. Design – Geotechnical and organic design of: single footing – symmetrical and unsymmetrical footing; combined footing; mat foundation; pile foundations; pile caps. Case histories.

Mandatory literature

José Leitão Borges; “Contenções em edifícios”. Compilação de textos e notas de apoio.
José Leitão Borges; "Fundações de Edifícios". Sebenta

Complementary Bibliography

Mascarenhas, Jorge Morarji dos Remédios Dias; Sistemas de construção. ISBN: 972-24-1156-X (vol. 1)
Bowles, Joseph E.; Foundation analysis and design. ISBN: 0-07-114052-2
Manuel Matos Fernandes; . “Paredes moldadas e outras estruturas flexíveis para suporte de terras. Estado do conhecimento acerca do seu dimensionamento”. Relatório do LNEC, 1981

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical and practical lessons.

Evaluation Type

Evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	39,00
	Total:	-	0,00

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Special rules for mobility students:
- Proficiency in Portuguese;
- Evaluation by exam.