Radiation Physics in Medicine

Code:

EBE0117

Acronym:

FRM

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Biomedical Engineering

Instance: 2012/2013 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Bioengineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIB	36	Syllabus	3	-	6	56	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

This course unit aims to provide students with knowledge about the basic principles of radiation physics in medicine.

Learning outcomes and competences

Acquire the basics concepts in optics and physics of radiation involved in the operation of medical imaginf equipment.

List and explain the working principles and operation of such equipment.

Enumerate the safety principles and guidelines.

Assessment of the output image from the point of view of the medical needs.

Collaborative work. 

Working method

Presencial

Program

● Interaction of radiation with matter ● Radiation biology ● X-ray production - Ampoules - Generators ●Fluoroscopy - Contrast ●Digital radiology ●Radiation doses ●CT - Physical principles - Historical development - CT multi cuts - Advantages - Re-formatting - 3D images - Radiation does ●US - Physical principles - Equipments - Contrast • RM - Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging – Introduction - Basic principles of magnetic resonance - Magnetic nuclei and magnetic moments - Nuclei and energy states - Net magnetization - Larmor precession - Magnetic resonance - 3D coordinate system, RF pulse, and MR signal -Relaxation - T2 Relaxation - Calculating T2 - T1 relaxation - Contrast definition - Images and contrast weighting - Contrast in spin echo sequences - Contrast in gradient echo (fast field echo) sequences - Image formation - Gradient coils - Image pixels - Slice selection - Spatial encoding - K-space basics - What is K-space? - Fourier transformation - K-space properties - MR Coils - Volume coils - Surface coils - Quadrature coils - Synergy coils – Phased array coils ●Nuclear medicine - Ionising radiations - Definition - Types and characteristics of radiations - Photoelectric effect - Compton effect - Pair production - Functional concepts - Gamma camera – technological concept and planar image formation - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) - Definition and obtaining a three-dimensional image - Advantages and disadvantages - Positron emission tomography (PET) - Detectors - Image formation - Advantages and disadvantages - Particle accelerator (cyclotron) -Scintillation detectors -Semi-conductors -Physical characteristics -Germanium detectors -Silicon detectors ●Infrared radiations, ultra-violet, microwaves and short-waves. Physical principles and applications.

Mandatory literature

Jerrold T. Bushberg [et al.]; The essential physics of medical imaging. ISBN: 978-0-683-30118-2
Eugene Hecht ; trad. de José Manuel N. V. Rebordão; Óptica. ISBN: 972-31-0967-0
Abraham Katzir; Lasers and optical fibers in medicine. ISBN: 0-12-401940-4

Complementary Bibliography

Paul A. Tipler; Physics for scientists and engineers. ISBN: 0-57259-673-2

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical and practical classes

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	68,00
Laboratory work	Trabalho laboratorial		25,00	2013-06-05
Exam	Exame		75,00
	Total:	-	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Description	Type	Time (hours)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Frequência das aulas	56	2013-06-05
Study	Estudo autónomo	68	2013-07-17
	Total:	124,00

Eligibility for exams

A written test

Calculation formula of final grade

Grade of the test (0 to 20 values)