Fluid Mechanics

Code:

L.EGI018

Acronym:

MF

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Fluids and Energy

Instance: 2021/2022 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Fluids and Energy Section
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Industrial Engineering and Management

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EGI	152	Syllabus	2	-	6	52	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

To analyze, understand and characterize, based on the fundamental laws of mechanics and specific methodologies, the behavior of fluids, at rest and in motion, in order to solve problems of fluid mechanics in engineering.

 

Learning outcomes and competences

It is expected that at the end of the semester students:

1. Be able to characterize fluids by their properties and solve simple problems with Newton's law of viscosity;
2. Be able to apply the principles of fluid statics to manometry and to the characterization of pressure forces on immersed flat surfaces;
3. Be familiar with the fundamental aspects of kinematics and dynamics in the context of fluid mechanics;
4. Understand the advantages of using dimensional analysis and the principles of similarity in solving fluid mechanics problems;
5. Know how to apply the mass and energy conservation equations to viscous flows in ducts, calculate load losses, energy requirements, estimate of the available flow and dimension simple ducts;
6. Understand and know how to use the characteristic curves of the pumps and fans, in order to select and analyze the operation of these equipment;
7. Be able to characterize the forces resulting from the action of flows on bodies immersed in them.

Working method

Presencial

Program

Introduction. Scope of Fluid Mechanics. Fluid concept and more relevant thermodynamic properties. Hypothesis of continuous medium. Viscosity and Newton's Law of viscosity. Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Vapor tension and cavitation.
Statics of fluids. Pressure in fluid at rest. Invariability of pressure with direction. Pascal principle. Hydrostatics fundamental equation. Manometry. Forces on immersed flat surfaces. Buoyancy.
Notions of kinematics. Velocity ​​field properties. Local and convective acceleration. Lagrangean and Eulerian perspectives. Systems and control volumes. Volume and mass flux and average velocity, law of mass conservation (continuity).
Integral formulation. Reynolds transport theorem. Conservation of mass. Conservation of energy (1st law of thermodynamics). Simplifications to the energy conservation equation. Ideal flow. Bernoulli equation. Interpretations of the Bernoulli equation. Dynamic pressure and stagnation pressure. Velocity and volume flow rate measurements.
Dimensional analysis and similarity. Reference variables and dimensions of a problem. More common dimensionless groups in fluid mechanics and their meaning. Rules of similarity and flow modeling.
Viscous flow in ducts. Laminar and turbulent regimes. Development zone. In line heath losses. Darcy's coefficient and Darcy-Weisback's equation. Parabolic profile and solution for the laminar case. Logarithmic profile, Colebrooke equation and Moody diagram. Minor losses in pipes. Inverse problems: determination of flow rate and dimensioning of ducts. Multiple pipe systems.
Centrifugal pumps and fans. Characteristic curves and operating point. Cavitation and suction capacity of pumps. Association of pumps in series and in parallel.
External flows. Basic concepts of boundary layer. Action of flows on non-fuselated bodies. Drag and lift forces and coefficients.

Mandatory literature

Frank M. White; Fluid mechanics. ISBN: 0-07-116848-6
Bruce R. Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H. Okiishi; Fundamentals of fluid mechanics. ISBN: 0-471-17024-0

Complementary Bibliography

Yunus A. Çengel, John M. Cimbala ; trad. Katia Aparecida Roque, Mario Moro Fecchio; Mecânica dos fluidos. ISBN: 978-85-86804-58-8
Luis Adriano Oliveira, António Gameiro Lopes; Mecânica dos fluidos. ISBN: 972-8480-13-X
Merle C. Potter, David C. Wiggert; Mechanics of fluids. ISBN: 0-13-571142-8

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lectures: Presentation of theoretical concepts and discussion.
Theoretical-practical sessions: Solution of typical problems and discussion of student’s questions.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	75,00
Teste	25,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	110,00
Frequência das aulas	52,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Presence in, at least, 75% of the theoretical-practical sessions.

Calculation formula of final grade

Two theoretical tests in Moodle, one in the middle and one at the end of the semester. Tests without consultation, 25 minutes in duration.

Written examination at the time of examinations. Limited consultation (formulary), 120 minutes in duration. Access to this exam requires a minimum of 7/20 average values in the theoretical tests. Passing at exam time also requires a minimum score of 7/20 on the practice test.

The overall grade will be obtained weighting by 25% the average grade in the theoretical tests and by 75% the practical test.

The improvement/final examination includes, as a whole, both theoretical and practical components. There will be only one theoretical test, focusing on the whole program, and another practical, both similar to those of the normal period. The same weights (25%-70%) as in the regular season will be used for the theoretical and practical components in the improvement/final examination.

 

Final grade can be adjusted plus or minus 1/20, in function of assiduity, participation in the classes, etc..

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not planned.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

According to FEUP regulations and with rules similar to the ones of improvement/final examination.

Classification improvement

According to FEUP regulations, simultaneously and with rules similar to the ones of improvement/final examination.