Electromagnetism

Code:

EEC0012

Acronym:

ELEM

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physics

Instance: 2018/2019 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	https://sigarra.up.pt/feup/pt/conteudos_adm.list?pct_pag_id=249640&pct_parametros=pv_ocorrencia_id=401727
Responsible unit:	Department of Engineering Physics
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Electrical and Computers Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEEC	351	Syllabus	2	-	7	70	189

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

The objectives of this course unit are such that students should:

- acquire fundamental knowledge of electromagnetism;

- develop reasoning and skills in autonomous and critical problem resolution;

- acquire discipline of continued work;

- have an attitude respectful of ethical values.

Learning outcomes and competences

At the end of this unit course, student should be able to:

- correctly use the laws governing electromagnetic phenomena;

- describe electromagnetism as a unifying theory of various electromagnetic phenomena observed in nature and used in technologies;

- use appropriate technical vocabulary;

- describe practical applications of Electromagnetism;

- have a critical attitude of the obtained final results.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

It is assumed that students have:

i) knowledge of Newtonian mechanics, that is, they know the three laws of Newton and are able to describe the forces and movements they produce

ii) some basic knowledge of the atomic structure of matter;

iii) knowledge of electrical circuits, i.e., to know the laws of Ohm and Kirchhoff and know how to deal with resistors, capacitors and inductors.

iv) some knowledge about vectors (for example, add vectors, write the position-vector of a particle in three-dimensional space and compute the inner and outer product of two vectors) and elementary calculus (i.e., to derive and integrate simple functions).

Program

1) Coordinate systems : cartesian, cylindrical and spherical; transformations between coordinate systems; elements of length, surface and volume.

2) Coulomb's Law : electric charge and its conservation; conductors and insulators ; discrete and continuous distributions of electric charge, electric force between point charges; superposition principle .

3 ) Electric Field : calculation of the electric field from Coulomb's law, the electric dipole, field lines. Gauss's law in integral form; electrical flow, the divergence theorem and the differential form of Gauss's Law .

4) Electrostatic Potential : conservative forces and fields, Stokes' theorem and the curl of the electrostatic field, the electric potential, equipotentials lines; differential relation between electric field and potential, the electric dipole, the differential form of the equations of electrostatics. The equations of Laplace and Poisson. Electrostatic energy .

5) Electrostatic of Conducting Materials : conductors in electrostatic equilibrium and theirs electrical properties , the power of the tips; electrostatic shielding.

6 ) Capacity and Electric Capacitors : plane, cylindrical and spherical capacitors; capacitors in series and parallel; electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor .

7) Electrostatic of Dielectric Materials: polarization charge, polarization vector, electric displacement vector ;  isotropic , homogeneous and linear dielectric materials: electric susceptibility, electric permittivity, dielectric strength and dielectric rupture. Capacitors with dielectric materials. Electrostatic energy in matter. Boundary conditions of the electric field.

8) Electric Current :  current density vecto . Metallic conductors : microscopic model of electric conduction , conductivity and electrical resistivity , resistivity changes with temperature. Ohm's law , electrical resistance , Joule's effect ; electromotive force ; continuity equation , Kirchhoff's laws .

9) Magnetic field : magnetic force between stationary electric currents , magnetic field B , Biot - Savart law , Ampere's law in integral form , the curl of the magnetostatic field  and the differential form of Ampere's law , magnetic force on an electric charge : Newton - Lorentz equation ; magnetic force on electric currents , forces and torques in turns. Divergence of the magnetic field , the magnetic vector potential . The differential form of the equations of magnetostatics. Inductance and coils : self-induction and mutual induction coefficients, the  Neumann's formula . Magnetic energy stored in a coil.

10) Magnetic Materials : the magnetic dipole , the magnetization vector , the magnetization currents , the magnetic field H , diamagnetism , paramagnetism and ferromagnetism , the hysteretic cycle ; misotropic , homogeneous and linear agnetic materials : magnetic susceptibility , magnetic permeability , boundary conditions for the magnetic field. Magnetic circuits : the  Hopkinson's law; magnetomotive force and magnetic reluctance ; Kirchhoff's laws for magnetic circuits .

11) Electromagnetic Induction : Faraday's law of induction , Lenz's law , the alternating electric current generator , the Faraday's law of induction in integral and differential forms ; ideal electrical transformer. Magnetic energy.

12) Maxwell's equations : the displacement current , the induced magnetic field , Ampere- Maxwell's law - in integral and differential forms ; Maxwell's equations in vacuum and in the presence of matter, electromagnetic waves and the speed of light in vacuum ; plane electromagnetic waves and harmonics , the electromagnetic spectrum , the equation of conservation of electromagnetic energy and Poynting vector.

Mandatory literature

Alfredo Barbosa Henriques, Jorge Crispim Romão; Electromagnetismo. ISBN: 972-8469-45-4
Cheng David K.; Field and wave electromagnetics. ISBN: 0-201-12819-5

Complementary Bibliography

H. Moysés Nussenzveig; Curso de física básica. ISBN: 85-212-0134-6 (vol. 3)
David J. Griffiths, Reed College; Introduction to electrodynamics. ISBN: 0-13-805326-X
Umran S. Inan, Aziz S. Inan; Engineering electromagnetics. ISBN: 0-8053-4423-3
Daniel Fleisch; A student.s guide to Maxwell.s Equations. ISBN: 978-0-521-70147-1
Daniel Fleisch; A Student's Guide to Vectors and Tensors, Cambridge University Press, 2011. ISBN: 0521171903
Edward M. Purcell,David J. Morin; Electricity and Magnetism, Cambridge University Press, 2013. ISBN: 1107014026, 9781107014022
Richard Fitzpatrick; Classical Electromagnetism, 1997
João Pulido; Electromagnetismo: uma Introdução, Escolar Editora, 2015. ISBN: 9789725924730
Jaime E. Villate; Electromagnetismo. ISBN: 972-773-010-8

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical lectures (TEORICAS): complete discussion of the subjects and exercise solving of main basis cases.

Exercise classes (TEÓRICO-PRÁTICAS): exercise solving under the supervision of the teacher of several exercises.

The distributed evaluationre will consist of two tests in pre-defined dates.

keywords

Physical sciences > Physics > Electromagnetism

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	55,00
Teste	45,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	112,00
Frequência das aulas	77,00
Total:	189,00

Eligibility for exams

► For students in 1st registration:
Number of absences defined by UP regulation.

► For students with two or more registrations:
For these students there is no criterion of attendance, ie, there is no marking of faults.

With frequency in the previous year:
OR students keep the CA grade obtained last year
OR students can, irreversibly, choose to submit to the CA in this year, annulling the earlier CA grade.

Without frequency in the previous year:
OR students undergoes CA in the present year,
OR students just attend the final exams, performing the exam to 20 points.

► IMPORTANT: STUDENTS MUST ACHIEVE A MINIMUM SCORE OF 8,0 IN THE EXAM TO COMPLETE THE COURSE. If the exam grade is less than 8.0 val, the final classification of the student will be the exam grade.

►Regardless the CA grade, all the students can attend the final exams.

EXPLANATION OF DISTRIBUTED EVALUATION:

► Distributed evaluation will consist of two tests performed on pre-defined dates.

► The duration of each test is 1.5 hours. They will be held simultaneously by all students in a classroom(s) to indicate timely.

Calculation formula of final grade

The course final mark is obtained as the maximum integer value between the marks obtained in EF and the value obtained by weighting  AD (if AD >=8) with 45% and EF with of 55% according to the formula given below:

CF = MAX (EF ; 0.45 * AD + 0.55 * EF)

where

CF - Final Mark (0 to 20 points)
EF - Final Exam (0 to 20 points)
AD - Average of the classification of the 2 tests of Distributed Evaluation (0 to 20 points).

IMPORTANT: STUDENTS MUST ACHIEVE A MINIMUM SCORE OF 8,0 IN THE EXAM TO COMPLETE THE COURSE. If the exam grade is less than 8.0 val, the final classification of the student will be the exam grade.

Examinations or Special Assignments

n.a.

Internship work/project

n.a.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

- Students that have a special status during the present academic year are not dismissed from attending the AD tests. Nonetheless, these students can choose to enroll on one class and submit to the distributed evaluation. This option is irreversible.

Classification improvement

Through the 2nd round Final Exam.

Final Mark will be evaluate as follows:

CF = max (CFN, 0.45 * AD + 0.55 * R, R) where

CFN is the 1st. round final grade (from 0 to 20 points), AD is the Distributed Evaluation grade (from 0 to 20 points) and R is the 2nd. round Final Exam ("Exame de Época de Recurso") grade (from 0 to 20 points).

Observations

- Weekly time of study, beyond classes, is expected to be around 5 hours.

  - At the end of the course students are exepcted to have acquired the skills to use without any difficulty the textbook "A Student's Guide to Maxwell's Equations" of Daniel Fleisch (see bibliography).

- In test and final exams: i) it will not be allowed to use calculators ii) it may be used an equation sheet which will be provided.

- Any attempt of FRAUD during the distributed evaluation corresponds to fail immediately the course.