Building Pathology and Rehabilitation

Code:

EC0066

Acronym:

PRED

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Building Construction

Instance: 2012/2013 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Building Division
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Civil Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEC	97	Syllabus since 2006/2007	5	-	5	60	133

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Justification: Building pathology is responsible for huge repair costs, which is why it is essential to understand the physical mechanisms that justify the anomalies observed. The rehabilitation of built heritage is an area of great strategic importance, given the need to restore the monuments, ancient buildings and the first buildings of reinforced concrete frame structures that are deeply degraded. Objectives: - The acquisition of technical and scientific knowledge in the areas of hygrothermal behaviour, natural ventilation, Building Pathology and Rehabilitation of Buildings; - The development of design procedures in these areas meeting the regulatory requirements and quality standards.

Learning outcomes and competences

Knowledge: Knowledge of the mechanisms of moisture transfer, natural ventilation and hygrothermal loads. Understanding: Pathology studies of materials and components, including the measurements and surveys necessary for the understanding of the causes that are behind it. Application: Integration of knowledge in the rehabilitation project. Analysis: Ability to integrate a multidisciplinary approach. Summary: Method for the preparation of rehabilitation projects. Project Engineering: hygrothermal studies, studies of natural ventilation, building pathology studies of the construction and rehabilitation projects. Engineering Research: hygrothermal behaviour and rehabilitation of buildings. Engineering Practice: Implementation of rehabilitation and assessment of service performance.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Building Physics and Technology of Construction.

Program

Program 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Program 1.2. Contents/Aims 1.3. Teaching Methods 1.4. Evaluation procedure 1.5. User demands method 2. MOISTURE IN CONSTRUCTION 2.1. The problem of Moisture in Construction 2.1.1. Moisture manifestations 2.1.2. Mechanisms that control moisture transfer 2.1.3. Models of moisture transfer in porous media used in civil engineering 2.1.4. Effect of moisture on construction materials 2.2. Condensation moisture 2.2.1. Psychrometrics 2.2.2. Building classification depending on their hygrometry 2.2.3. Conditioning factors of condensation 2.2.4. Interior surface condensations 2.2.5. Interstitial condensations 2.2.6. Exterior surface condensation 2.3. Rising damp 2.3.1. Factors regulating rising damp 2.3.2. Design requirements 2.3.3. Treatment Techniques 2.4. Hygroscopic inertia 2.5. Absorption and drying processes 2.6. Moisture measurement 2.7. Hygric properties of construction materials 2.7.1. Water vapour permeability 2.7.2. Absorption coefficient of water/ capillary coefficient 2.7.3. Liquid permeability 2.7.4. Contents of reference moisture 2.7.5. Hygroscopicity 2.7.6. Hygric diffusivity coefficient 3. NATURAL VENTILATION IN BUILDINGS 3.1. Natural ventilation and comfort 3.1.1. Causes for indoor air degradation 3.1.2. Ventilation criteria 3.2. Basics for natural ventilation 3.2.1. Ventilation: chimney effect 3.2.2 Ventilation: wind 3.3. Natural ventilation systems and requirements in different countries 3.4. Guidelines for natural ventilation in buildings 3.4.1. Ventilation criteria 3.4.2. Ventilation requirements 3.4.3. Air permeability of windows and doors 3.4.4. Building ventilation in the winter 3.4.5. Building ventilation in the summer 3.4.6. Store-room ventilation 3.4.7. Indoor ventilation 3.4.8. Ventilation of public spaces 3.5. Ventilation devices 4. BUILDING PATHOLOGY 4.1. Causes and resulting costs 4.2. Responsibility and Insurance Systems 4.3. The importance of a Pathology catalogue 4.3.1. Pathology description 4.3.2. Surveys and measurements 4.3.3. Pathology causes 4.3.4. Repair solutions 4.4. Case studies 4.5. www.patorreb.com 5. BUILING REHABILITATION 5.1. The problem of Building rehabilitation 5.2. Methodology for building rehabilitation 5.2.1. The Approach 5.2.2. Diagnosis 5.2.3. Intervention strategy 5.2.4. Rehabilitation project 5.2.5. Technical and economic analysis 5.2.6. Technical and economic control during the rehabilitation process 5.3. Rehabilitation technologies 5.4. Case study: Rehabilitation of a concrete frame structure type dwelling 5.5. Case study: Rehabilitation of a monumental building Scientific content: 50% Technological content: 50% DEMONSTRATION OF THE SYLLABUS COHERENCE WITH THE CURRICULAR UNIT'S OBJECTIVES: Building pathology is responsible for huge repair costs, which is why it is essential to understand the physical mechanisms that justify the anomalies observed. The rehabilitation of built heritage is an area of great strategic importance, given the need to restore the monuments, ancient buildings and the first buildings of reinforced concrete frame structures that are deeply degraded.

Mandatory literature

V. P. DE FREITAS E P. PINTO; Nota de Informação Técnica – NIT • 002 – LFC 1998, “Permeabilidade ao Vapor de Materiais de Construção – Condensações Internas”, LFC - FEUP, 1998
NORMA EUROPEIA EN ISO 13788 - Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements – Internal surface temperature to avoid critical surface humidity and interstitial condensation – Calculation methods, CEN, 2002
Vasco Peixoto de Freitas, Maria Isabel Torres, Ana Sofia Guimarães; Humidade ascensional. ISBN: 978-972-752-101-2
NORMA PORTUGUESA NP 1037-1:2002 - Ventilação e vacuação dos produtos da combustão dos locais com aparelhos a gás. Parte 1 : edifícios de habitação. Ventilação natural, IPQ, 2002
V. P. DE FREITAS; http://www.patorreb.com/
Vasco Peixoto de Freitas; Apontamentos de PRED

Complementary Bibliography

VASCO PEIXOTO DE FREITAS; Transferência de humidade em paredes de edifícios - Análise do fenómeno da interface, FEUP, 1992
Eva Barreira, Vasco P. de Freitas; Evaluation of building materials using infrared thermography
Nuno Manuel Monteiro Ramos ; orient. Prof. Doutor Vasco Manuel Araújo Peixoto de Freitas; A importância da inércia higroscópica no comportamento higrotérmico dos edifícios
Actas do 1.º Encontro sobre Patologia e Reabilitação de Edifícios - PATORREB 2003, FREITAS, V.P.; ABRANTES, V., 2003
Actas do 2.º Encontro sobre Patologia e Reabilitação de Edifícios – PATORREB 2006, FREITAS, V. P.; ABRANTES, V.; GÓMEZ, C., 2006
Actas do 3.º Encontro sobre Patologia e Reabilitação de Edifícios – PATORREB 2009, FREITAS, V. P.; GÓMEZ, C.; HELENE, P.; ABRANTES, V., 2009
HAGENTOFT, C.-E. ; Introduction to building physics, Studentlitteratur, Sweden, 2001
HENS, H ; Building Physics – Heat, air and moisture. Fundamentals and engineering methods with examples and exercises., Ernst & Sohn – Wiley, 2007
KUMARAN, M.; Heat, air and moisture transfer through new and retrofitted insulated envelope parts. Task 3 – Material properties. International Energy Agency (IEA) ANNEX 24 – Final Report., 1996
KÜNZEL, H.; Simultaneous heat and moisture transport in building components – One and two-dimensional calculation using simple parameters, IRB Verlag, 1995
Fernando M. A. Henriques ; Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil; Humidade em paredes. ISBN: 972-49-1592-1
VIEGAS, J.; Ventilação natural de edifícios de habitação, LNEC, 2010
APPLETON, J.; Reabilitação de edifícios antigos – Patologias e tecnologias de intervenção, Edições Orion, 2003
coord. José Vasconcelos Paiva, José Aguiar, Ana Pinho; Guia técnico de reabilitação habitacional. ISBN: 972-49-2081-X
Vítor Cóias ; coord. Ana Cravinho; Reabilitação estrutural de edifícios antigos. ISBN: 978-972-8479-40-9
Nuno Monteiro Ramos... [et al.]; Hygrothermal properties applied in numerical simulation

Teaching methods and learning activities

The teaching is in accordance with the teaching recommended by FEUP. There are 2 theoretical classes a week, of the explanatory type, with each class lasting around 50 minutes. There is also one practical class a week, lasting 1h50, where exercises are solved, assignments are done, and the subjects addressed are discussed. We seek to make sure the content of practical classes, whenever possible, is given in parallel with the theoretical classes. During theoretical classes, overhead and PowerPoint are used as a support for the exposition, which allows to better follow up on students and for them to visualize the content of the subject . Students have a class at the Building Physics Laboratory in order to contact with the equipment used for measuring temperature and humidity in construction materials and elements.

DEMONSTRATION OF THE COHERENCE BETWEEN THE TEACHING METHODOLOGIES AND THE LEARNING OUTCOMES: Integration of knowledge in the rehabilitation project. Ability to integrate a multidisciplinary approach. Method for the preparation of rehabilitation projects. Critical Sense. Hygrothermal studies, studies of natural ventilation, pathology studies of the construction and rehabilitation projects.

Software

CONDENSA 13788 - Quantificação das condensações internas segundo a Norma EN 13788
Condensa 2000 - Quantificação das condensações internas
WUFI 1D - Quantificação das condensações internas segundo a Norma ISO 15026

keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Civil engineering

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	52,00	0,00
Final exam	Exame	2,50	75,00	2013-01-17
Distributed evaluation	Trabalho escrito	4,00	25,00
	Total:	-	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Description	Type	Time (hours)	End date
Attendance	Frequência das aulas	52
	Total:	52,00

Eligibility for exams

“Achieving final classification requires compliance with attendance at the course unit. It is considered that students meet the attendance requirements if, having been regularly enrolled, the number of absences of 25% for each of the classes’ types is not exceeded. The following cases are exempted from the attendance requirements: i) cases prescribed by law, including student workers; ii) students who were admitted to exams in the previous academic year.”

Calculation formula of final grade

The final classification results from the following expression:

CF=0,75*EF+0,25*AD

CF = final classification

EF = final exam

AD = distributed evaluation

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

The same conditions of the evaluation are applied to all students.

Classification improvement

The classification improvement can be performed under the same conditions of the final exam and the accumulation of the classification of distributed evaluation.

Observations

The estimated time for work outside classes is 4 hours per week.