Fluid Mechanics I

Code:

EM0029

Acronym:

MF I

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Heat Transfer and Fluid

Instance: 2011/2012 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Fluids and Energy Division
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Mechanical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEM	233	Syllabus since 2006/2007	3	-	6	56	160

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

To know the fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, including the characterization of fluids and its differences comparing to solids.
To know the fundamental laws of fluids at rest, and its interaction with confining surfaces.
To learn the principles of mass, momentum and energy conservation apllied to fluid flows, both in its integral and differential formulations.
To learn and to apply the dimentional analysis and similitude principles, regarding the experimental study of Fluid Mechanics.

As an ultimate objective (and along with Fluid Mechanics II) it is aimed that the students acquire the ability to resolve concrete problems of Fluid Mechanics in any engineering area and more specifically in Mechanical Engineering.

Program

Introduction
Scope and significance of Fluid Mechanics
Concept of fluid
Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids
Newton’s law of viscosity
The most important quantities and variables in Fluid Mechanics
Dimensional homogeneity

Fluid Statics
Balance of forces in a fluid at rest
Hydrostatic equation
Manometry
Absolute pressure and relative pressure
Atmospheric pressure
Pressure measurement
Forces on immersed surfaces
Centre of pressure
Buoyancy

Fluid Kinematics
Concept of flow
Properties of velocity fields
Streamlines and trajectories
Visualization and techniques of flow visualization
Langrangian and Eulerian description
Concept of discharge and average velocity

Fluid Dynamics (non-viscous fluids)
Newton’s 2nd law applied to a fluid particle
Integration in a flow line
Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations
How to apply Bernoulli’s equation
Dynamic pressure and total pressure
Stagnation point
Energy line
Piezometric head
Pitot and Prandtl tubes. Velocity measurement
Velocity profiles and average velocity profiles
Newton’s second law along the streamline direction
Pressure in a free-jet-nozzle

Fluid Dynamics (integral formulation)
Reynolds’ transport theorem
Equation of mass conservation
Examples

Conservation of mass equation, linear equation of motion (linear and angular) and energy equation
Examples

Fluid Dynamics (differential formulation)
Mass conservation and quantity of movement (Navier Stokes’ equations)
Frontier conditions
Examples
Couete and Hagen-Poiseuille flow

Dimensional analysis and similarity
Dimensionless: functional dependence
Buckingham’s PI theorem
Dimensionless: selection of variables and reference dimensions
The unique nature of Pi
Interpretation of the most common dimensionless groups in Fluid Mechanics
Similarity and modulation
Conditions of similarity
Elementary dimensionless equations in Fluid Mechanics

Mandatory literature

Bruce R. Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H. Okiishi and Wade W. Huebsch; Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Wiley, 2009. ISBN: ISBN 978-0-470-26284-9
Munson, Bruce R.; Fundamentals of fluid mechanics. ISBN: 0-471-17024-0
White, Frank M.; Fluid Mechanics. ISBN: 0-07-119911-X

Complementary Bibliography

Ludwig Prandtl, O.G. Tietjens, L. Rosenhead (Translator) ; Fundamentals of Hydro- and Aeromechanics , Dover Publications , 1957. ISBN: ISBN: 0-486-60374-1
G. M. Homsy , H. Aref , K. S. Breuer , S. Hochgreb , J. R. Koseff , B. R. Munson, K. G. Powell , C. R. Robertson , S. T. Thoroddsen; Multimedia Fluid Mechanics - Multilingual Version CD-ROM, Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN: ISBN-10: 0521604761 | ISBN-13: 9780521604765
Bird, R. Byron; Transport Phenomena. ISBN: 0-471-07395-4
G.A. Tokaty; A History of the Philosophy of Fluid Mechanics , Dover Publications, 1994. ISBN: 0-486-68103-3

Teaching methods and learning activities

The course is organized in 2 theoretical classes / week (lasting 1 hour each), and 1 practical class (lasting 2 hours).
The contents are exposed in theoretical classes. In practical classes typical problems are solved and consolidation aspects are discussed.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	56,00
	Total:	-	0,00

Eligibility for exams

The student cannot exceed the absence limit allowed (25% of the practical classes), according to the current rules.

Calculation formula of final grade

(A) Two evaluation tests to be done throughout the semester (20%)
(B) Final exam (80%)
PROVISIONAL GRADE = 0.2 A + 0.8 B

A re-sit examination will take place, constituted by two parts, similar to the A and B parts above mentioned, the re-sit grade being calculated in a similar way: RE-SIT GRADE = 0.2 A + 0.8 B.
The FINAL CLASSIFICATION will be higher between the PROVISIONAL GRADE and the RE-SIT GRADE.

The impression from classes (number of presences, participation, etc.) may be used to adjust the final classification, with a limit of 1/20.

Examinations or Special Assignments

The distributed evaluation tests will take place in appropriate informatics rooms and will generally follow the rules of the currently designated "American test".

Classification improvement

Classification improvement exam will take place at the same time as recurso exam.

Observations

Language of instruction: Portuguese