Cell and Tissue Biology

Code:

M112

Acronym:

BCT

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Medicine

Instance: 2022/2023 - 1S (of 19-09-2022 to 13-01-2023)

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Microscopy
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Masters Degree in Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIM	192	Official Study Plan	1	-	6	56	162

Teaching language

Suitable for English-speaking students

Objectives

Part 1 - CELL BIOLOGY:

-Students should acquire the basic concepts of the structure and functionality of the cell.

-More specifically:

-have specific notions on the structure and function of the various cell components.

-learn to autonomy the use of the optical microscope.

-Know the processing for optic and electron microscopy.

-Know to identify the ultrastructural structure of the cell components.

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

Acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge of the microscopic morphology and histophysiology of the tissues of the human body, acquiring knowledge and skills that enhance the understanding and progressive integration of contents of cell biology, special histology, embryology, anatomy, physiology, pathology, etc.

Learning outcomes and competences

Part 1 - CELL BIOLOGY:

The student should end the semester with knowledge, key skills and attitudes including:

-To acquire general notions on the structure and function of the cell components.

-To be able identifying the ultrastructure of the cell components.

-To acquire full autonomy with handling the optic microscope.

-To acquire general notions on the processing of biological material for optic and electron microscopy.

-Team working and debating.

-Learn to be disciplined, polite and respectful in relation to the institution, teachers and colleagues.

General skills and learning outcomes:

Skills to be acquired:

1-critical-thinking and problem-solving ability,

2-collaboration, agility and adaptability,

3-initiative and entrepreneurship,

4-good oral and written communication,

5-ability to access information and analyze it,

6-curiosity and imagination.

What the labor market requires a licensed:

-specialized skills.

-autonomy.

-continued ability to learn.

-produce knowledge.

-adapt to new situations.

-interact with people, sometimes of multiple nationalities and different cultural backgrounds.

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

To apply the acquired knowledge and skills to make differential diagnoses, identifying properly and discriminately the tissues as well as their structural components; unfolding and correlating the structure with the related histophysiology. To be able to understand and predict ways in which the structure and its histophysiology can be altered in disease.

Working method

B-learning

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Part 1 - CELL BIOLOGY:

Students have to possess the basic concepts of molecular and cell biology at the level of the 12º year of the high school.

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

Prior knowledge: Cell Biology. Co-requisites: Systematic Anatomy I.

Program

Part 1 - CELL BIOLOGY:

THEORETICAL MODULES:

1-Presentation of the Discipline (UC).

1.1-Overview of the cell. Morphological aspects of cellular components.

2-Cell membrane. Membrane transport of small molecules. Pathology.

3-Endoplasmic reticulum. Protein and lipid processing. Calcium reserves. Nuclear transport. Golgi apparatus. Exocytosis. Pathology.

4-Lysosomes. Autophagy. Endocytosis. Peroxisomes. Pathology.

5-Mitochondria. Reserve inclusions. Pathology.

6/7-Cytoskeleton I and II. Pathology.

8-Intercellular junctions. Cell adhesion and mobility. Pathology

9-Cell signaling. Pathology

10-Cell cycle. Mitosis. Meiosis. Pathology.

11-Programmed cell death. Pathology.

PRACTICAL MODULES:

1-The optic microscope. Structure. Optics. Focus.

Learning autonomously the use of the optic microscope (epidermis).

2-Methodology of biologic material processing to optic microscopy (with video)

Execution: Microtomy of paraffin-embedded biological material (sectioning) followed by section collage in slides.

Execution: Hematoxilin-Eosin staining, mounting of the histological sections.

3- Methodology of biologic material processing to electron microscopy (with video)

Execution: ultramicrotomy.

Execution: Cell visualization at the electron microscope.

4/5-Cell ultrastructure analysis (PP and in printed images)

6- Execution (optic microscopy):

-Focal desmosomes: epidermis

-Membrane specializations:

Microvilli (small intestine)

Stereocilia (modified microvilli) (epididymis)

Cilia (trachea) (Fallopian tube)

Flagellum (spermatozoa)

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

Theoretical and practical laboratory program, covering the following topics:

1. Introduction to tissue biology (functional histology);

2. General and special stains (applications to different tissues, morphofunctional interpretation);

3. Epithelial tissue (variants);

4. Connective tissue (proper);

5. Adipose tissue (variants);

6. Cartilage (variants);

7. Bone and ossification (variants);

8. Muscle tissue (variants);

9. Nervous tissue (cells, central and peripheral nervous systems).

Mandatory literature

Azevedo C e Sunkel CE; Biologia Celular e Molecular , Lidel Edition. 5ª Edição, 2012. ISBN: ISBN: 978-972-757-692-0
Carlos Gonçalves, Vasco Bairos; Histologia. Texto e Imagens , Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra (4th Edtion), 2013. ISBN: ISBN: 978-989-26-0671-2
Wojciech Pawlina and Michael H. Ross; Histology: A Text and Atlas: With Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology (Eighth International Edition), Wolters Kluwer - LWW, 2019. ISBN: 9781975115364

Complementary Bibliography

Abraham L Kierszenbaum, Laura L Tres; Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology, Saunders, 2019. ISBN: 032367321X
Alberts B et al; Molecular Biology of the Cell , Garland Edition. 6th Edition, 2015. ISBN: ISBN-13: 978-0815344322 ISBN-10: 0815344325
Bertalan Dudas;; Human Histology: A Text and Atlas for Physicians and Scientists (1st Edition), Academic Press, 2022. ISBN: 0323918913
G Cooper and R Hausman; The Cell: A Molecular Approach , ASM Press Edition. 8th Edition, 2015. ISBN: ISBN: 9781605352909
Lodish H et al; Molecular Cell Biology , W.H. Freeman and Company. 8th Edition, 2016. ISBN: ISBN-13: 978-1319067748 ISBN-10: 1319067743
Margarida Fardilha, Joana Vieira da Silva, Miguel Conde ; Reprodução humana masculina. Princípios fundamentais , ARC Publishing e Editores, 2015. ISBN: ISBN: 978-989-98599-3-7
Michael J. Leboffe; A Photographic Atlas of Histology, Morton Publishing Company, 2013. ISBN: ISBN: 1617310689

Comments from the literature

BIBLIOGRAPHY OBSERVATIONS:

A Manual will be made available for Practical Classes 2022/2022, authored by the teaching staff of the Laboratory of Histology and Embryology ICBAS; essential for monitoring the practical classes. It will also be made available to students complimentary slides and, whenever relevant, selected texts.

Teaching methods and learning activities

Part 1: CELL BIOLOGY:

Theoretical Modules:

-Presential teaching (B-learning when mandatory)

-Plataform Moodle-ICBAS-UP- with all Theoretical presentations with additional support texts.

-Wide range of other learning resources: Library, key books, scientific journals.

-Complementary support outside physical classroom, using SIGARRA and other digital media (Moodle, Zoom, others), providing static and/or dynamic information for self-study and self-assessment.

Practical Modules:

-Presential teaching (B-learning when mandatory)

-Plataform Moodle-ICBAS-UP- with all Practical presentations with additional support texts.

-Wide range of other resources: Atlas with optical, histochemical and electron microscopy images.

-Modern laboratory with up-to-date equipment.

-Complementary support outside physical classroom, using SIGARRA and other digital media (Moodle, Zoom, others), providing static and/or dynamic information for self-study and self-assessment.

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

Plenary lectures (face-to-face or at distance if needed) and practical training (in the Histology Practical Classroom).

It includes observation and discussion of collections of histological glass slides, under the microscope, and/or digital slides, as well as selected static digital images.

There are interactive discussions for theoretical-practical and morphofunctional integration; using images, surveys, debates.

Complementary support outside physical classroom, using SIGARRA and other digital media (Moodle, Zoom, others), providing static and/or dynamic information for self-study and self-assessment.

keywords

Natural sciences > Biological sciences > Biology > Histology
Natural sciences
Health sciences
Natural sciences > Biological sciences > Biology > Cell biology

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	97,00
Participação presencial	3,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	106,00
Frequência das aulas	56,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

-Final examination and Retest examination (January-February).

-Without middle examinations.

-In Practical classes, students cannot exceed by 25% the number of unofficially justified absences (rules under the Act Law).

The student who exceeds this number is automatically disqualified.

-The presence in Practical classes is not a component for evaluation.

 

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

Do not exceed the limit number of absences, corresponding to 25% of the practical classes taught (either in the classroom or remotely).



INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS THAT FAILED APPROVAL IN PREVIOUS YEARS

[1] The coordinators dismiss all repeat students, who already had obtained "frequency" of the UC, from attending the practical classes of this school year, with this criterion being valid for Part I-BC and Part II-BT. In the case of Part 2, if there is a place in a practical class and someone wishes to attend again, he/she will have a new continuous assessment classification (the previous one will be invalid).

[2] The coordinators will consider for the present scholar year all the partial classifications that some repeating student may have obtained in previous year. For example, if a student obtained a positive score in a Part of the UC, it will only have to make evaluation(s) to the Part that he/she has failed.

Calculation formula of final grade

Part 1-CELL BIOLOGY:

Final exam: 2h. Total of 100%-20 marks:

-Multiple choice questions about the theoretical presentations. Each multiple choice question has 5 alternatives, four of them are correct and only one is totally incorrect. Students must indicate the wrong answer. Only one alternative can be answered. The wrong answers are not discounted. Total of 70%-14 marks.

-Identification of electron microscopy images, with labelled structures and organelles. The student has to identify each by full writing. The wrong answers are not discounted. Total of 30%-6 marks.

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

Theory exam - Multiple choice test type. Each question has five alternatives of which only one is correct (either true or false). The student can signal as many alternatives as adequate - the correct alternative of the question is worth 100%, each wrong one is worth -25%. The total duration of the test will not surpass 60 minutes.

Practical exam - consists of the projection of digital images/slides, at an Amphitheatre, for diagnosis of histological structures in printed form. Covers various topics / sections, summing from 20-40 questions. The duration of the practical exam is from 45 to 60 minutes per shift of students. The questions may integrate theoretical and practical concepts.

Participation (Continuous Evaluation) - Prize for attendance (each lack decreases the grade), commitment, behavior and quality of performance throughout the theoretical classes and, above all, practices. It includes the quality of performance in small tests done during classes, whether in person or at a distance.

Final Classification of Tissue Biology = (Grade of the theoretical test x 0.45) + (Grade of the practical test x 0.50) + (Grade of participation in classes x 0.05). Each partial grade is given on the scale of 0 to 20.

Minimum classification in the theoretical test of Tissue Biology: 9.5 values. Minimum classification in practical test: 9.5 values. Minimum mark for final approval: 9.5 points.

Note - Condition for access to practical exam: to obtain a minimum grade of 9.5 in the theoretical exam. If you do not get the final result, Tissue Biology is expressed as Failure by Missing Component (RFC). If it fails the practical exam the final classification is also given by RFC.

FORMULA FOR GETTING THE FINAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE CURRICULAR UNIT (UC):

Final Grade of the UC = Grade CELL BIOLOGY x 0.40 + Grade TISSUE BIOLOGY x 0.60

In the above formula, each partial Grade is rounded to the nearest hundredth. For final approval to the UC it is required the minimum classification of 9.50 values for each of the Parts (Modules). In the absence of approval either of CELL BIOLOGY or of TISSUE BIOLOGY, the student's final grade is expressed as Failure by Missing Component (RFC).

Examinations or Special Assignments

None

Internship work/project

None.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Part 1 - CELL BIOLOGY:

-To be defined by the Direction of ICBAS-UP

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

The exams explained above are for students who undergo an examination at regular times (normal use). Following this, and in agreement with the regulations approved at ICBAS, the special tests required, for example, the associative students or the workers, can be of different types, according to a model / type to be determined by the course coordinator, in each case, may well consist of the same kind of tests but with a different number of questions, theoretical and practical written evidences, theoretical and practical projections, direct examination with histological slides under the microscope, etc.. The designation of the examination day(s) is the sole responsibility of teachers according to their availability and schedules of the available rooms for examination, with the candidates being informed by via announcement in the SIGARRA (course contents) on Moodle and/or by e-mail, using the emails given by the ICBAS, contained in the form of students (SIGARRA).

Classification improvement

Preliminary note: A student can only request an improvement of grade(s) after a first final approval to the UC.

Part 1 - CELL BIOLOGY:

-It can only be done in the Retest examination.

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

It is done by conducting new final tests, theoretical or practical, only theoretical, or only practical, according to the student's wishes (that must be agreed with the coordinator of the module of Tissue Biology). The course coordinator will use the best possible combination of the obtained positive grades; yet, the student should confirm that this is the case and contact the coordinator if not. In the case of continuous evaluation score, this is only improvable by renewing the attendance of the theoretical and practical classes (if conditions allow).



CONJUGATION OF PARTS IN THE FINAL EVALUATION FORMULA

The coordinators authorize the student to improve either Part 1, or Part 2, or both. The coordinators will use the best possible combination of grades, including carrying over grades from the previous year. The student must verify that this is applied.

Observations

Part 1 - CELL BIOLOGY:

-DOUBTS SCHEDULE:

Laboratory of Cell Biology. Each student should contact the Professor who teaches each specific subject.

-COMPULSORY REQUEST:

-Students have to use a white coat in all practical classes.

-The first practical class is mandatory.

-The Theoretical classes are not of mandatory assistance. Therefore, students must have an exemplary behavior keeping in silence. No Abuse of lack of higher education will be tolerated. At the end of each presentation students will have 10 min for questions to the Lecturer.

-MANDATORY BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1- Biologia Celular e Molecular (2012) Azevedo C e Sunkel CE. Lidel Edition. 5ª Edição.

ISBN: 978-972-757-692-0

2-Programa de Biologia Celular (2020/2021). Moodle-ICBAS-UP. Consultar obrigatoriamente as Pastas das Aulas Teóricas, Aulas Práticas e Pasta Geral, onde os Alunos encontrarão os Power-points das aulas, Textos de apoio e Protocolos das aulas Práticas.

-COMPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1-Molecular Biology of the Cell (2015) Alberts B et al. Garland Edition. 6th Edition.

ISBN-13: 978-0815344322

ISBN-10: 0815344325

2-Molecular Cell Biology (2016) Lodish H et al. W.H. Freeman and Company. 8th Edition.

ISBN-13: 978-1319067748

ISBN-10: 1319067743

3-The Cell: A Molecular Approach (2015) G Cooper and R Hausman. ASM Press Edition. 8th Edition.

ISBN: 9781605352909

4-Reprodução humana masculina. Princípios fundamentais (2015). Margarida Fardilha, Joana Vieira da Silva, Miguel Conde (Eds). ARC Publishing e Editores.

ISBN: 978-989-98599-3-7

5-Biblioteca ICBAS/FFUP: Medline, PubMed, Net, Livros, Atlas e Revistas científicas.

-COORDINATOR:

Mário Sousa, MD (physician), PhD (doctorat), Full Professor

-TEACHERS:

-Mário Sousa, MD, PhD, Full Professor

-Rosália Sá, PhD, Assistant Professor

-Rute Pereira, PhD, invited Assistant Professor

-TECHNICIANS:

-Elsa Oliveira, Superior Technician, Technical Specialist 1st class of Anatomical Pathology, Cytology and Thanatology, Area of Diagnosis and Therapy.

-Ângela Alves, Superior Technician, Master in Aquatic Environment Sciences (CMA-ICBAS)

-Paula Teixeira, Technical Assistant of Anatomical Pathology, Cytology and Thanatology, Area of Diagnosis and Therapy.

 

Part 2 - TISSUE BIOLOGY:

SCHEDULE FOR DOUBTS :

The clarification of doubts is done by email, via Moodle forum or by conversation (in person or via Zoom) with prior appointment of day and time. Questions on theoretical topics should be clarified with the Coordinator and on practical topics should preferably be dealt with by teachers in practical classes.

COMPULSORY REQUESTS:

Students have to use a white coat in all practical classes.

Exemplary behavior is required in all classes, and abuses of any kind are not tolerated.

In addition to the dialogue in class, all communication with students will be done by dynamic email.

For the sake of cost savings and human resources management, before the theoretical and practical exams, students will have to demonstrate their commitment for going to exams, by answering via an online system, to be made available by the coordinator. Interested parties will be contacted by dynamic email.

MANDATORY BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1-Wojciech Pawlina and Michael H. Ross; Histology: A Text and Atlas: With Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology (Eighth International Edition), Wolters Kluwer - LWW, 2019. ISBN: 978-1496383426

2-Carlos Gonçalves, Vasco Bairos; Histologia. Texto e Imagens (4ª Edição), Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2013. ISBN: 978-989-26-0671-2

-COMPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1-Abraham L Kierszenbaum, Laura L Tres; Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology (4rd Edition), Saunders, 2019. ISBN: 032367321X

2-Michael J. Leboffe; A Photographic Atlas of Histology, Morton Publishing Company, 2013. ISBN: 1617310689

3-Bertalan Dudas; Human Histology: A Text and Atlas for Physicians and Scientists (1st Edition), Academic Press, 2022/23. ISBN: 0323918913

BIBLIOGRAPHY OBSERVATIONS:

I will be made available a Manual for Practical Classes, authored by the teaching staff of the Laboratory of Histology and Embryology ICBAS; essential for monitoring the practical classes. It will also be made available to students complimentary slides and, whenever relevant, selected texts.

COORDINATOR:

Eduardo Rocha, Dept. Microscopy, Lab. of Histology and Embryology.

TEACHING TEAM:

Eduardo Rocha, Full Professor

Maria João Tomé da Rocha, Auxiliary Professor with Habilitation

Marta Susana Santos, Auxiliary Professor

Alice Ramos, Invited Auxiliary Professor

Ana Silvia Luís, Invited Auxiliary Professor

Rita Ribeiro da Silva, Invited Auxiliary Professor

Tânia Vieira Madureira, Invited Auxiliary Professor

TECHNICAL TEAM:

Célia Lopes, Principal Technician.

Fernanda Malhão, Principal Technician.

Paula Teixeira, Technical Assistant.