Physical exercise, immune response, and susceptibility to infections-current knowledge and growing research areas

• Type: Another Publication in an International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2022

Authors

Kurowski, M (Author) Other; Seys, S (Author) Other; Bonini, M (Author) Other; Del Giacco, S (Author) Other; Delgado, L (Author) FMUP; Diamant, Z (Author) Other; Kowalski, ML (Author) Other; Moreira, André (Author) FMUP; Rukhadze, M (Author) Other; Couto, M (Author) Other

Journal

Title: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Vol. 77

Pages: 2653-2664

ISSN: 0105-4538

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 8 Citations

Scopus

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-00W-JBV

DOI: 10.1111/all.15328

Abstract (EN): This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research in the area of exercise-associated modifications of infection susceptibility. Regular moderate-intensity exercise is believed to have beneficial effects on immune health through lowering inflammation intensity and reducing susceptibility to respiratory infections. However, strenuous exercise, as performed by professional athletes, may promote infection: in about half of athletes presenting respiratory symptoms, no causative pathogen can be identified. Acute bouts of exercise enhance the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which may induce infection-like respiratory symptoms. Relatively few studies have assessed the influence of regularly repeated exercise on the immune response and systemic inflammation compared to the effects of acute exercise. Additionally, ambient and environmental conditions may modify the systemic inflammatory response and infection susceptibility, particularly in outdoor athletes. Both acute and chronic regular exercise influence humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms, resulting in decreased specific and non-specific response in competitive athletes. The most promising areas of further research in exercise immunology include detailed immunological characterization of infection-prone and infection-resistant athletes, examining the efficacy of nutritional and pharmaceutical interventions as countermeasures to infection symptoms, and determining the influence of various exercise loads on susceptibility to infections with respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. By establishing a uniform definition of an elite athlete, it will be possible to make a comparable and straightforward interpretation of data from different studies and settings.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 12