Sensors and Actuators

Code:

L.EGI019

Acronym:

SA

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Automation

Instance: 2024/2025 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Automation, Instrumentation and Control Section
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Industrial Engineering and Management

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EGI	129	Syllabus	2	-	6	58,5	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

This course aims to provide students with a basic knowledge base of Industrial Automation. In particular, it is the objective of this UC to present and develop knowledge in the area of sensors and actuators (pneumatic, electrical), as well as the components necessary for its use. It is intended that students acquire the ability to: dialogue with specialists in each area, to understand the associated symbology, to make choices, technically and scientifically grounded among the various solutions that may be prefigured in the face of a given problem.

Learning outcomes and competences

At the end of this Curricular Unit, the student should be able to:
- Identify sensors, command elements, and actuators present in automation systems;
- Specify and select the different automation components;
- Know the international symbology associated with automation components;
- Describe the mode of operation and applicability of the various equipment used in automation systems;
- Calculate driving solutions using pneumatic and electromechanical technologies;
- Understand electrical, pneumatic and electro-pneumatic circuits.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

The student should have basic knowledge of electricity.

Program

- Industrial Automation Systems: examples, definitions and concepts;
- Metrologycal vocabulary;
Industrial sensors and conditioning modules;
ADC and DAC convertors, data acquisition systems;
- Eletromechanic equipment;
- Electric motors, switches and protection, symbols, control and power circuits.
- Pneumatic systems: production and distribution of compressed air, pneumatic actuators, hydropneumatic units, valves, symbology, control circuits and power.
- Comparison and discussion of the application fields of different drive technologies.
- The future of automation: IoT, Industry 4.0, Collaborative Robots, AI, Virtual and Augmented Reality, Virtual Instrumentatio , etc.

Mandatory literature

Alain S. Morris & Reza Langari; Measurement and Instrumentation: Theory and application
Richard S. Figliola & Donald E. Beasley; Theory and design for mechanical measurements
Frank D. Petruzella; Electric Motors and Control Systems
James W. Dally, William F. Riley, Kenneth G. McConnell; Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements

Complementary Bibliography

W. Bolton; Mechatronics. ISBN: 0-582-35705-5
Giorgio Rizzoni; Principles and applications of electrical engineering. ISBN: 0-07-118452-X

Comments from the literature

Since the course is introductory in nature, you will be able to consult books available in the areas of Instrumentation, Pneumatic Systems, Electric Motors. Note that in general these themes do not appear in a single book.

Teaching methods and learning activities

This course has theoretical classes in amphitheatre and theoretical-practical classes in the laboratory. The lectures are based on the presentation of the subjects of the program, supported by audio visual means and should be apprehended by students through complementary study activities and conceptualization. The theoretical-practical classes, taught in different laboratories are intended to give students an insight into the sensors and actuators used in industry.
In the Instrumentation Laboratory, students will have the opportunity to assemble and test different types of sensors, as well as to read them through computer-based data acquisition systems.
They will also be able to see different types of electric motors as well as the associated protection and control components.
In the pneumatic laboratory they will proceed to the simulation, assembly, and testing of pneumatic and electro-pneumatic circuits.

Software

LabVIEW, National Instruments
Pneusim (software de desenho e simulação de circuitos pneumáticos e elétricos)
CADe_SIMU (software de desenho e simulação de circuitos elétricos)

keywords

Technological sciences > Technology > Instrumentation technology > Sensors
Technological sciences > Engineering > Mechanical engineering > Electromechanical engineering
Technological sciences > Engineering > Control engineering > Automation

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	70,00
Teste	30,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	80,00
Frequência das aulas	52,00
Trabalho laboratorial	30,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

To be admitted to exams, students have to be enrolled in the course and not exceed the absence limit allowed in the General Evaluation Rules of FEUP.

Calculation formula of final grade

The final classification of ordinary students is calculated based on two written assessment tests (T1 and T2) with equal weight and mini-tests to be carried out in laboratory classes (LAB). These components are evaluated from 0 to 20, with the tests having a weight of 70% and the mini-tests 30%.
T1 – Individual Written Test, without consultation, to be held in the middle of the semester, on the subject of sensors;
T2 – Individual Written Test, without consultation, at the time of exams, focused essentially on the matter of actuators;
NOTE: although this test does not include the theoretical part of sensors, it may include calculations associated with this matter.
LAB – Mini-tests to be carried out in laboratory classes.

Final classification=0.35*PE1+0.35*PE2 + 0.3*LAB

IMPORTANT NOTES:
- The mini-tests will be carried out exclusively in the laboratory classes of the respective week
- Failure to carry out a mini-test implies a classification of 0 values
- In the LAB calculation, the 2 worst classified mini-tests will be removed
- Access to PE assessment tests, as well as carrying out the work, requires attendance of the curricular unit (except for students who, according to FEUP rules, enjoy a special status that exempts them from attending classes).
- Approval of the subject requires a minimum score of 8.0 on the average of the two tests, T1 and T2, with a final grade of 9.0 being assigned if this condition is not met.
- Students who have attended, but who have not obtained approval after the normal period, can take a written exam (E) in the appeal period corresponding to the global subject, which will replace the T1 and T2 components, maintaining the classification obtained in the mini- tests.
Final classification (resource) = 0.7*E+0.3*LAB

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not applicable.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Students with special status can choose to attend the Curricular Unit as if they were ordinary students, submitting to the norms for their evaluation.
Alternatively, students with special status may take a written test (70%) and an oral test (30%).

Classification improvement

Students who wish to improve their classification may, at the time of appeal, take a written exam (E) on the overall subject of the UC, which will replace the T1 and T2 components. The final grade is obtained according to:

Final classification (improvement)= E

PS: In this case, the score for the mini-tests will not be included in the calculation.