Thermodynamics and Structure of Matter

Code:

L.EEC016

Acronym:

TEM

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Physics

Instance: 2023/2024 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EEC	243	Syllabus	2	-	4,5	39	121,5

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

This UC presents the basic concepts and principles of thermodynamics and the foundations of the structure of matter.

Students must be able to apply concepts, principles and techniques in the field of thermodynamics; in particular, they should be familiar with the operating principles of thermodynamic cycles of various heat engines and refrigeration machines.

They should also understand the nature and structure of atoms, their atomic and molecular bonding and their relationship to the electrical and magnetic properties of materials.

Learning outcomes and competences

Students should be able to:

- Explain basic physical concepts and phenomena of thermodynamics and structure of matter, using appropriate vocabulary.

- Use the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and the concepts of heat and temperature to explain everyday phenomena.

- Explain the nature and structure of an atom and its electronic structure, as well as the various types of atomic and molecular bonding.

- Describe the band theory model and define electrical properties of metals, insulators and semiconductors.

 - Characterize various semiconductor devices and their potential practical use.

- Explain diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism.

 - Explain the magnetization and demagnetization of a ferromagnetic material; sketch and interpret its hysteresis curve.

- Collaborate and plan group work in the laboratory, as well as in problem solving either in  group or individually.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Basic knowledge of Calculus and Physics.

Program

I – THERMODYNAMICS

1 - Temperature and kinetic theory of gases

     1.1 Thermal equilibrium and the zeroth law of thermodynamics

     1.2 Temperature

     1.3 Ideal-gas law

     1.4 Introduction to the kinetic theory of gases

2 - Heat and the first law of Thermodynamics

      2.1 Heat and heat capacity

      2.2 Mechanical equivalent of calorie

      2.3 First law of thermodynamics

3 - Second law of Thermodynamics and Entropy

      3.1 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

      3.2 Refrigerators and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

      3.3 The Carnot engine

      3.4 Entropy

II - STRUCTURE OF MATTER

1 - Structure of atoms

       1.1 Structure of atoms and subatomic particles

       1.2 The electronic structure of atoms

2 - Types of atomic and molecular bonding

       2.1 Primary atomic bonds: ionic, covalent and metallic bonding

       2.2 Other bonding types

3 - Electrical properties of materials

       3.1 Electrical conduction in metals
     
       3.2 Band theory of electric conduction

       3.3 Intrinsic Semiconductors

       3.4 Extrinsic Semiconductors

       3.5 Semiconductor Devices

4 - Magnetic properties of materials

       4.1 Magnetic quantities

       4.2 Types of Magnetism

       4.3 Effect of temperature on magnetism

       4.4 Ferromagnetic Domains

       4.5 Magnetization and demagnetization of a ferromagnetic material

Mandatory literature

Paul A. Tipler; Physics for scientists and engineers. ISBN: 0-7167-4389-2

Complementary Bibliography

Raymond A. Serway; Physics for scientists and engineers with modern physics. ISBN: 0-03-022657-0
H. Moysés Nussenzveig; Curso de física básica
William D. Callister; Materials science and engineering. ISBN: 978-0-470-50586-1

Teaching methods and learning activities

In T lectures, the presentation of concepts and principles is complemented by the illustration of motivating examples, whenever possible with real case applications, easing the transmission of knowledge and the learning process.

In PL classes, conducted in a laboratory environment, the student is asked to conduct several experiments, favoring the consolidation of previously learned concepts. The work proposed encourages teamwork, while the requirement for a written report stimulates the skills for information layout and its written communication.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	70,00
Trabalho laboratorial	30,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	82,50
Frequência das aulas	39,00
Total:	121,50

Eligibility for exams

Students will be admitted to exams if:

- they attend to the practical classes and do not miss more classes than allowed by FEUP’s rules;

- they achieve a minimum grade of 7.00 in the theoretical component;

- they achieve a minimum grade of 9.50 in the practical component.

Calculation formula of final grade

Final Mark will be based on the average mark of both components (theoretical and practical).

Theoretical component is worth 75%, while the practical component is worth 25%.

The mark of the theoretical component will be based on the average mark of the two tests.

The mark of the practical component will be based on the mark of the reports and class performance.

If the final mark is 9 or lower, students will fail the course.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Students who did not attend any of the 2 tests and who are admitted to exam as long as they have a valid mark in the practical component (See “Admission to Exams”) will have to attend a written exam on the entire UC program , which will be their theoretical component of assessment.

Students’ final mark will be based on the principles set on “Final Mark”.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

See “Special Assignments” for students with a special status.

Students with special status, despite being exempt from classes, must be evaluated in the same way as ordinary students. Thus, they will carry out, within their available timetable, practical assignments identical to those carried out in practical classes, on a date to be determined, which will have the same duration.

Classification improvement

See “Special Assignments”. Mark improvement only concerns the theoretical component, which will be carried out by the written exam on the entire program.