Hydraulics 1

Code:

L.EC023

Acronym:

H1

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Hydraulics

Instance: 2023/2024 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Civil and Georesources Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Civil Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EC	104	Syllabus	3	-	6	52	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Objectives: Teaching the concepts, principles and fundamental theories that describe the behaviour of several types of flow phenomena. Teaching the theories and methods used in Civil Engineering for the planning and design of flow control works and hydraulic structures. 

Learning outcomes and competences

Skills and learning outcomes: Knowledge of basic science and core knowledge of Engineering (Engineering Sciences); engineering reasoning and problem solving attitudes; acquisition of inter-personal skills, individual and team work capacity; oral and written communication.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Recommended: Algebra, Calculus, Mechanics.

Program

1. Hydraulics in Civil Engineering. Historical perspective and the water in the future.
2. Fluid properties. Systems of units.
3. Fundamental Principle of Hydrostatics. Liquid pressure gauges. Hydrostatic forces on flat and curved surfaces. Floating body stability.
4. Flow types: permanent and non-permanent, laminar and turbulent, rotational and irrotational; one-dimensional, twodimensional and three-dimensional.
5. Conservation theorems. Equation of continuity. Bernoulli's theorem. Momentum conservation theorem.
6. Energy and hydraulic gradient lines.
7. Flow through orifices and weirs. Flow measurement.
8. Dimensional analysis. Hydraulic similarity.
9. Resistance formulas: friction head loss in circular and non-circular ducts. Minor head losses.
10. Introduction to the EPANET program.
11. Boundary layer.
12. Irrotational flows.
13. Gradually varied flow between reservoirs.
14. Waterhammer.

DEMONSTRATION OF THE SYLLABUS COHERENCE WITH THE CURRICULAR UNIT'S OBJECTIVES:
This curricular unit presents the basic principles of hydraulics for the exercise and practice of civil engineering, introducing the themes to be developed in the curricular units of the specific area of Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environment.

Mandatory literature

rev. by Martin Marriott; Nalluri & Featherstone.s civil engineering hydraulics. ISBN: 978-1-4051-6195-4
por J. Novais-Barbosa; Mecânica dos fluídos e hidráulica geral
António Carvalho Quintela; Hidráulica. ISBN: 972-31-0775-9

Complementary Bibliography

João Moreira de Campos; Notas para estudo da mecânica dos fluidos. ISBN: 978-972-752-157-9
Armando Lencastre; Hidráulica geral. ISBN: 972-95859-0-3
Andrew Chadwick, John Morfett; Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering. ISBN: 0-419-22580-3
Frank M. White; Fluid mechanics. ISBN: 978-0-07-128645-9

Teaching methods and learning activities

Lectures for theoretical framing and exposure, introduction to problem solving and engineering approach for real life problems. Classroom classes (tutorial type) for problem solving practice, including computational work. Laboratory class for hydraulic phenomena visualization, demonstration, and measurement.

DEMONSTRATION OF THE COHERENCE BETWEEN THE TEACHING METHODOLOGIES AND THE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
This curricular unit presents the basic principles of hydraulics for the exercise and practice of civil engineering.
The syllabus focus on a set of themes that aim to provide students with the necessary skills for the analysis and sizing of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic problems based on the fundamental laws of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.
The program intends to transmit knowledge about interior flows (pipes) that will allow the student to determine / characterize the flow behavior in relation to different characteristics (diameter) and types of material (roughness) of the duct, depending on the flow, as well as to meet the head losses introduced by accessories (bifurcations, valves, diameter changes, etc.).
In the syllabus, basic notions of dimensional analysis are included in order to transmit to the student the knowledge necessary for the physical modeling of flows. Also included are basic notions about flow in orifices and weirs, with widespread application in Civil Engineering.

Software

EPANET

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	80,00
Trabalho escrito	10,00
Trabalho laboratorial	10,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	78,00
Frequência das aulas	65,00
Trabalho laboratorial	3,00
Elaboração de relatório/dissertação/tese	16,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

According to the L.EC grading rules, to obtain the final grade it is necessary to comply with the attendance requirements of the course unit. Students are considered to have met the attendance requirements if, after regular enrolment, the number of absences does not exceed 25% for each type of class (lectures and tutorials).

Calculation formula of final grade

1. GENERAL ASPECTS

The Distributed Assessment is compulsory and is always carried out in the current academic year.

The Distributed Assessment Components consist of: 2 written tests (T1 and T2); 1 lab assignment (TL) and 1 computacional assignment in EPANET (TE) carried out by the students outside of class time.

Students who fail the 1st Call Exam have access to the 2nd Call Exam.

All assessment components are expressed on a scale of 0 to 20.

 
2. DISTRIBUTED ASSESSMENT

The final grade, CF (rounded to the unit), results from the following calculation formula:

CF = CT1×0.40 + CT2×0.40 + CTLx0.10 + CTEx0.10

In the formula above,

CT1 – is the mark obtained in test T1 (rounded to one decimal digit);

CT2 – is the mark obtained in test T2 (rounded to one decimal digit);

CTE – is the mark obtained after analysis of the report of the TE computational assignment  (rounded to one decimal digit);

CTL – is the mark obtained after analysis of the report of the TL laboratory assignmet (rounded to one decimal digit).

The CF mark obtained using the above formula is first rounded to one decimal digit and only then rounded to the unit.

To pass the course a CF mark of 10 or above is required, with a minimum mark of 6.0 (6.0/20.0) in each of the written tests (T1 and T2).

3. 1st AND 2nd CALL EXAMS

The two written tests T1 and T2 can be sat in two different calls: the 1st Call and the 2nd Call.

The deadlines for submission of the reports of the laboratory assignment (TL) and computacional assignment (TE) will be set by the teachers.

NOTE 1: The 1st Call consists of the two written tests (T1 and T2), to be sat on scheduled dates along the academic term.

NOTE 2: The 2nd Call consists of one of the two written tests (T1 or T2) or a written test combining the two tests (T1 and T2), to be sat on the date indicated in the exam calendar.

NOTE 3: Students who failed to achieve a passing grade in the 1st Call may choose to sit only one of the written tests (T1 or T2) or a combined written test (T1 and T2) in the 2nd Call. The highest marks (from the 1st Call and the 2nd Call) will be used to calculate the final grade.

NOTE 4: The marks for the TL and TE components of the distributed assessment cannot be improved in the 2nd Call.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Laboratorial assignment and computacional assigment (compulsory).

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Special-status students who sit a Special Call exam are assessed in just one written test that covers the FULL suject of the course.

Classification improvement

Successful students who sit for a GRADE IMPROVEMENT EXAM are assessed in a single written test that covers the FULL suject of the course.

Observations

Mobility students may sit the components of the Distributed Evaluation in Portuguese or in English.