Strength of Materials 1

Code:

L.EC013

Acronym:

RM1

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Basic Sciences

Instance: 2023/2024 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Civil and Georesources Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Civil Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EC	308	Syllabus	2	-	6	71,5	162

Teaching language

Portuguese
Obs.: Estudantes estrangeiros que frequentem a unidade curricular pela primeira vez devem compreender e falar Português. Não obstante, podem ser disponibilizados enunciados em Inglês em provas de avaliação e admitidas respostas em Inglês.

Objectives

JUSTIFICATION:
Strength of Materials is an essential area of knowledge in Civil Engineering training. It deals with the different models of material behaviour, which in the simplest case may be linear-elastic isotropic, and in other cases may include the effects of plasticity or brittle fracture, among others. It also studies the effects of applied forces and deformations imposed on structures made up of linear members, making it possible to calculate the applied stresses and deformations using simple models. It deals not only with homogeneous parts, but also with structural elements made up of two or more materials.

OBJECTIVES:
The main objective of the Strength of Materials 1 course is to develop the engineering student's ability to analyse a given structural problem in a simple and logical way and apply some well-known fundamental principles to its solution. The aim is for the student to be able to determine the stresses and strains in any cross-section of a linear member that is a part of a reticulated isostatic or one time hyperstatic structure, as well as in pipes and vessels.

The problem of checking the safety and design of real structures is addressed in a simplified way, so that the student can acquire basic knowledge in the field of Civil Engineering Structures, which will allow them to further develop their knowledge in specialised course units.

Learning outcomes and competences

Knowledge: Know the fundamental concepts of Strength of Materials and the simplified models for determining the states of stress and strain in linear members, under the effects of axial force (traction or compression) and bending moment (plane and inclined bending), present in isostatic or one time hyperstatic structures.

Understanding: Understand the service structural behaviour of lattice systems and pipes and vessels. Understand the resistance behaviour of linear members. Understand the differences between the behaviour of isostatic structures and hyperstatic structures. Understand the implications, in terms of stresses and strains, of yielding in structures made of elasto-plastic materials. Understand the distribution of forces in plane, isostatic or one time hyperstatic structures and the effects of temperature variations.

Application: Solve practical exercises aimed at analysing real civil engineering problems.

Analysis: Analyse, discuss and critically interpret the results, highlighting the potential of the models and their limitations.

Synthesis: Formulate simple solutions for practical civil engineering applications.

Evaluation: Criticise the solutions chosen and the methodologies used, highlighting the potential of the models and their limitations.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Program

Chapter 1 – Introduction
Aims of Strength of materials. Fundamental principles: Hooke’s law; small deformation hypothesis; effect overlap; S. Venant’s theory; plane section hypothesis. Linear component. Thrust and transverse force, bending and torsional moments. General safety criteria; calculation values. Limit states of resistance and service.

Chapter 2 – Traction and compression
The concept of traction and simple conversion. Stress and extension of elements that exist in cross sections of bars. Poisson effect. Extension of a fiber in relation to the axle. Deformation work. Potential energy of elasticity, fracture toughness. Fatigue. Thin-wall vessels subjected to uniform internal pressures. Biaxial and triaxial stress states and generalization of Hooke’s law. Volume variation Plane extensometry.

Chapter 3 – Plane Bending
Revision of stress diagrams. The concept of bending; plane and curved bending. Plane bending: normal stress in pure bending and simple bending. Deformation work. Variable and curved axis bars. Girder composites.

Chapter 4 – Deformation in plane bending
Differential equation of elasticity. Methods to calculate bending displacement: differential equation of elasticity integration method; the method of a dummy loading unit (or Maxwell-Mohr method). First degree hyperstatic problems of bending bars.

Chapter 5 – Unsymmetrical bending
Normal stresses in unsymmetrical bending: calculation of normal stresses in a generic section with reference to the central principal axes of inertia. Neutral axis equation. Safety check. Rational shape of cross-sections in unsymmetrical bending. Concept and location of the plane of deformation and the axis of deformation.

DISTRIBUTION OF CONTENTS: Chap. 1: 11%; Chap. 2: 31%; Chap. 3: 28%; Chap. 4: 20%; Chap. 5: 10%;

Scientific content - 70%
Technological Content - 30%

DEMONSTRATION OF THE SYLLABUS COHERENCE WITH THE CURRICULAR UNIT'S OBJECTIVES:

The theoretical and practical subjects of Materials Mechanics and Strength of Materials constitute essential steps in Civil Engineering. They provide physical solutions for problems with simple geometry (linear elements), although the rheological material behavior can be wider (non-linear elasticity, plasticity, elasto-plasticity, etc.), and admit elements constituted of two or more materials (with located discontinuities). The study of strength of materials is based on the understanding of basic concepts and the use of simplified models.

Mandatory literature

Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., John T. Dewolf ; trad. Mario Moro Fecchio; Resistência dos materiais, São Paulo : McGraw Hill, cop. , 2006. ISBN: 85-86804-83-5
Victor Dias da Silva; Mecânica e Resistência dos Materiais, Ediliber, 1995
Luís Filipe Pereira Juvandes; Resistência dos Materiais - Parte I, Efeitos Gráficos Unipessoal lda, 2022

Complementary Bibliography

Russell C. Hibbeler; Mechanics of Materials, 8/E, Prentice Hall, 2011. ISBN: 0136022308
William A. Nash; Resistência dos materiais
Stephen P.Timoshenko ; trad.José Rodrigues de Carvalho; Resistência dos materiais

Comments from the literature

Teaching methods and learning activities

keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Civil engineering

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	25,00
Exame	75,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	65,00
Frequência das aulas	72,00
Total:	137,00

Eligibility for exams

Attendance is taken in accordance with FEUP's Specific Regulations for Student Assessment in force this academic year.

A student is considered to be in attendance at this course if, having been regularly enrolled, they do not exceed the number of absences corresponding to 25% of the theoretical classes or 25% of the theoretical-practical classes planned for the current academic year.

The following cases are exempt from obtaining Attendance:
- provided for by law;
- students who have fulfilled the attendance requirements in previous academic years of the MIEC or L.EC course.

This point refers only to the obligation of Frequency (Attendance). The information about grades and classifications is provided in a specific part of this document. It is emphasized that the student's classification in all the assessment components is always obtained in the school year in progress.

Calculation formula of final grade

1. GENERAL ASPECTS
The Final Grade (CF) is defined based on a Distributed Assessment and a Final Exam in the Regular Season and/or in the Appeal Season. The Distributed Assessment is compulsory and it is not counted in the case of Exam for Improvement of Classification. . Students who do not succed in the Regular Season are admitted to the exam in the Appeal Season. All assessment components are expressed on a scale of 0 to 20.

2. DISTRIBUTED ASSESSMENT (AD)
The Distributed Assessment is compulsory and is always done for the school year in progress. It consists in two tests (AD1 and AD2), with equal quotations, and a total weight of 25%. These tests consist of a written test, without consultation, on dates to be announced. The material to be assessed in the 2 tests (AD1 and AD2), in terms of worksheets, will be announced after the publication of the timetable for distributed assessment tests defined by the Director of the L.EC. The student's classification in the Distributed Assessment tests, AD1 and AD2, is rounded to the nearest tenth, and is designated as CAD1 and CAD2. A student who does not take any of the tests will have a zero in that component.

3. REGULAR SEASON (EN)
The final exam, to be made in the Regular Season, is a written test without consultation, about all of the Course Unit's programme. The Normal Season Classification (N) is determined by the formula:

N = 0.125 CAD1 + 0.125 CAD2 + 0.75 CEN

where CEN represents the student's mark in the final exam of the regular examination period, rounded to the nearest tenth. The grade N is rounded to the nearest integer.

If the student misses one of the Distributed Assessment tests and their absence is considered justified by the L.EC secretary, the weight of that component is carried over to the final exam. In other words:
- if you miss test AD1, N = 0.125 CAD2 + 0.875 CEN
- if you miss test AD2, N = 0.125 CAD1 + 0.875 CEN
- if you miss both tests, N = CEN

4. APPEAL SEASON (ER)
The final exam, to be made in the Appeal Season, is a written test without consultation, about all of the Course Unit's programme. The Appeal Season Classification (R) is given by:

R = 0,125 CAD1 + 0,125 CAD2 + 0,75 CER

where CER represents the student's mark in the final exam of the Appeal Season, rounded to the nearest tenth. The grade R is rounded to the nearest integer.

If the student misses one of the Distributed Assessment tests and their absence is considered justified by the L.EC secretary, the weight of that component is carried over to the final exam. In other words:
- if you miss test AD1, R = 0.125 CAD2 + 0.875 CER
- if you miss test AD2, R = 0.125 CAD1 + 0.875 CER
- if you miss both tests, R = CER

5. CALCULATION OF FINAL GRADE (CF)
The Final Grade (CF) is given by the following formula:

CF = max {N ; R}

The maximum Final Grade CF obtained under the conditions described before is limited to 16 values. To obtain higher classification is necessary to conduct a complementary oral test in conditions to be agreed with the regents of UC (no need to register with FEUP's Central Secretariat).

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not applicable.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Classification improvement

Observations

Complementary study material is available in the SIGARRA Contents.

Working time estimated out of classes: 5 hours/week