Renewable Energies III

Code:

M.EQ017

Acronym:

ENRIII

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Technological Sciences

Instance: 2023/2024 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Chemical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
M.EA	9	Syllabus	2	-	6	52	162
M.EQ	11	Syllabus	2	-	6	52	162

Teaching language

Portuguese and english

Objectives

The objective of the UC is to promote students' learning and acquisition of skills in the area of energy conversion from renewable sources. Emphasis is placed on the production, storage and transport of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels, the production of electricity from wind, hydro (dams, pumped-storage hydroelectricity and tides) and wave energy. The current efficiency of the main existing technologies and their potential development are discussed, and investment costs versus energy efficiency – level energy costs are indicated.

Learning outcomes and competences

Evaluation of energetic efficiency of the presented process energy generation. Evaluation of investment costs versus energetic efficiency.

Working method

Presencial

Program

Module 1 - Green hydrogen and synthetic fuels

Main characteristics of hydrogen. Green and turquoise hydrogen production technology.Hydrogen transport and storage.Applications of hydrogen in the areas of green fuels and as a raw material.Main synthetic fuels, synthesis, main characteristics, and applications.Contribution of the green hydrogen and turquoise value chain to energy decarbonization.


Module 2 - Wind Energy

INTRODUCTION

Generalities about energy (revision). Origins and characteristics of renewable sources. Maturity and comparative development of conversion technologies. Growth of RES and present contribution to meeting energy demand. Renewable energy in the electricity sector.

WIND ENERGY

Relevance of Wind Energy in the present situation of the electrical sector; the Portuguese case. Evolution and uses of the technology. Maturity and new challenges; I&D subjects and trends. Wind origins, main characteristics and their evaluation. The energy of the wind. Measurement of wind characteristics in view of its energetic use. Principle and conversion limits; Betz limit and Glauert theory. Power limitation and regulation concepts. Power curve and converted energy. General aspects of the development of a wind farm project. Selection of a wind turbine model; suitability of a wind turbine for a specific site. Production estimates, losses and uncertainties. Economical assessment of a wind farm project.

Module 3 – Tidal and Wave Energy

 

INTRODUCTION

Introduction to the ocean renewable energies: waves, ocean currents, tidal currents, tidal amplitude, ocean thermal energy, salinity gradients. Roadmap for the sea renewable energies. Relevance to Portugal and future perspectives.

 

TIDAL ENERGY

Generation and characteristics. Astronomical and meteorological components. Tide measurement and forecasting. Reference water levels. Chart Datum. Importance of water levels in the planning of maritime works related to marine renewable energies. Technologies for tidal energy harnessing and supporting structures: advantages and limitations. Best locations for tidal energy harnessing. Tidal barrage operating principle, elements and pre-assessment of the energy production. Expected impacts - tidal currents versus tidal barrages. Comparison between an offshore wind turbine and a turbine for tidal currents, for the same rated power. Exercises.

 

WAVE ENERGY

Generation and propagation of ocean waves. Main parameters for wave characterization. Methods for wave forecasting and hindcasting. Wave transformation phenomena in shallow waters (e.g., shoaling, refraction, diffraction, reflection, breaking, run-up, overtopping). Regular and irregular waves. Methods to analyse wave records: time-domain zero-crossing techniques and frequency domain techniques (spectral analysis). Resource characterization at European and global level. Classification and presentation of the main technologies for wave energy harnessing: main challenges. Marine growth. Corrosion. Energy storage. Wave energy versus wind energy. Planning and modelling of projects for the exploration of marine energy: techniques in use. Hydraulic similarity and physical modelling. Pilot testing sites. Economical analysis: Levelized cost of energy (LCOE).

 

Module 4 - Hydro Energy

 

INTRODUCTION
General concepts. Situation in Portugal. Hydro-Eolic complementarity. Advantages and disadvantages of hydropower.

 

HYDROLOGY
Basic concepts: River basin. Precipitation. Flow duration curve. Flood flows.

 

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

Classification and typology. Dams. Reservoir. River diversion. Spillways: functions, types and classification. Bottom outlet: functions and types. Water intake: general characteristics. Penstock: characteristics and location. Types of turbines.

 

HYDRAULIC DESIGN

WES spillways: design load and unloader definition.

Energy dissipation basins for hydraulic rebound: brief reference to free surface flows, hydraulic jump characteristics (conjugated heights, length, dissipated energy and total amount of movement), flow rate law, position and length of the basin.

 

ENERGY EVALUATION

General notions: head, net head, head losses. Power. Energy.

Economic study: penstock diameter definition.

Mandatory literature

Boyle Godfrey 340; Renewable energy. ISBN: 0-19-926178-4
Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins, Ervin Bossanyi; Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2001. ISBN: 0 471 48997 2
A. Pecher, J. P. Kofoed; Handbook of Ocean Wave Energy. Ocean Engineering & Oceanography 7, 2016. ISBN: 978-3-319-39889-1.
Ramos, Helena; Guidelines for design of small hydropower plants
Vischer D. L.; Dam hydraulics. ISBN: 0-471-97289-4
Novak P. 070; Hydraulic structures. ISBN: 0-419-20070-3

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical-practical sessions: presentation of the concepts and discussion of complementary topics, examples, exercises and discussion of student’s questions.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Teste	97,50
Participação presencial	2,50
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	114,00
Frequência das aulas	48,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

According to FEUP rules.

Calculation formula of final grade

Module 1 and Module 2 - Hydrogen and Synthetic Fuels and Wind Energy (50% weight in the UC final grade)

Quiz#1 - One quiz in the middle of the semester, with a theoretical part (without consultation, 60 minutes, 2/3 of the grade) and a practical part (limited consultation, 60 minutes, 1/3 of the grade). This quiz has a contribution to the grade of 95 % of Modules 1 and 2.
FT - Participation in the field trip accounts for 5 % of the grade of Modules 1 and 2.

Appeal examination, with a theoretical and a practical part, under the same conditions and with the same weights as in the test.

 

Modules 3 and 4 – Hydropower, Tidal, and Wave Energy (50% weight in the UC final grade – CAD2): One quiz in the exam period, with a theoretical part (without consultation, 60 minutes, 2/3 of the grade) and a practical part (limited consultation, 60 minutes, 1/3 of the grade).

Appeal examination, with a theoretical and a practical part, under the same conditions and with the same weights as in the test.

 

CF = 0.5 x (0.95 x Quiz#1 + 0.05 x FT) + 0,5 CAD2

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not planned.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

According to the FEUP rules, simultaneously and with the same format and rules of the appeal examination.

Classification improvement

According to the FEUP rules, simultaneously and with the same format and rules of the appeal examination.

Observations

Link for attending the ZOOM classes by Adelio Mendes:

https://videoconf-colibri.zoom.us/j/2630137985


Link for attending the ZOOM Classes by Álvaro Rodrigues (Wind Energy module)
https://videoconf-colibri.zoom.us/j/82988796728?pwd=dkVRZ0k5WTJZTlhPNVJlWW1RczQ3QT09