Systems and Automation

Code:

L.EEC027

Acronym:

SA

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Automation and Control

Instance: 2022/2023 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EEC	201	Syllabus	3	-	6	52

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

This course aims to provide students with skills in the design, analysis and implementation of controllers for discrete event systems (DES), focusing on industrial automation systems of low/medium complexity.

For this purpose, are studied techniques for modeling and analysis of industrial controllers, implemented on generic or industrial computing platforms and their respective I/O interfaces with the process and operators.

For this purpose, the program is structured in 3 sections:
- Introduction to automation
- Design and analysis of controllers for discrete event systems
- Technologies for automation systems

Learning objectives A), B), C), D), G), I), J) and L) will be achieved mainly through lectures and out-of-class study by the student. Theoretical classes are for exposition of the syllabus with discussion of illustrative examples, followed by discussion periods related to the topics, usually made around questions posed by the teacher. The examples presented in the lectures ensure that the most important concepts are consolidated.

Learning objective E) will be achieved mainly in practical (PL) classes through the resolution of modeling problems.


Learning objectives F), H), J) and L) will be achieved mainly in practical classes through 3 laboratory assignments. The assignement focuses on modeling DES controllers of different complexities, and their implementation in microcontrollers or programmable controllers (PLC), including the development of human-machine interfaces.

Learning outcomes and competences

Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:

A) Identify the main application domains of automation systems.
B) Explain the architecture of an automated system.
C) Characterize a discrete event system (DES).
D) Interpret, build and verify models based on State Machines (SM) and Grafcet (GF).
E) Modeling the behavior of a controller for discrete event systems using ME and GF.
F) Implement, from a model (ME or GF), a controller for a SED on a generic (microcontroller) or industrial (PLC) computing platform.
G) Describe the functional structure of a programmable logic controller (PLC).
H) Develop medium complexity applications using SFC and ST languages (IEC 61131-3).
I) Explain the operating principles of different types of industrial sensors.
J) Select industrial sensors for an application.
L) Develop man-machine interfaces (low-medium complexity), for supervision and monitoring of industrial processes.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Enrollement in:
-- Circuits (L.EEC003)
-- Programming (L.EEC004)
-- Digital Systems (L.EEC005)
-- Sinals and Systems  (L.EEC015)
-- Electronics 1 (L.EEC019)
-- Control (L.EEC020)

Program

Introduction to automation

1) Introduction to automation systems
- Application domains.
- Architecture of an automated system.
- Types of industries, processes and control systems.
- Organization of an industrial automation system.

Design and analysis of controllers for discrete event systems

2) Introduction to discrete event systems (DES)
- Systems Taxonomy.
- Concepts. Properties.
- Modeling techniques
- Examples

3) DES Modeling
- State Machines (SM) and Grafcet (GF).
- Definitions. Notation. Rules of evolution.
- Properties. Methods of analysis and verification.
- Implementation of DES controllers in computational platforms.

Technologies for automation systems

4) Programmable logic controllers
- Concept. Architecture. Input and output interfaces. Execution model.
- Application development. IEC 61131-3 Standard. SFC and ST languages.

5) Industrial sensors
- Principles of operation.
- Electrical interfaces with the controller.
- Application domains.

6) Supervisory Systems
- Supervisory functions and process monitoring.
- Basic concepts of human-machine interface development.
- Introduction to SCADA systems.

Mandatory literature

Hanssen Dag H.; Programmable logic controllers. ISBN: 978-1-118-94924-5
Christos G. Cassandras; Introduction to discrete event systems. ISBN: 978-0-387-68612-7
René David, Hassane Alla; Petri nets and grafcet. ISBN: 0-13-327537-X

Complementary Bibliography

Mikell P. Groover; Automation, production systems, and computer-integrated manufacturing. ISBN: 978-0-13-207073-7
KLS Sharma; Overview of industrial process automation. ISBN: 978-0-124-15779-8

Teaching methods and learning activities

- T classes (discussion): lectures for exposition of the syllabus, with discussion of illustrative examples.

- PL classes (recitations) : DES modeling problems, using SM and GF. Realization of 3 laboratory assignments, by groups of 2 students, to model and validate controllers for DES using State Machines and Grafcet, implemented in microcontrollers and programmable logic controllers.

keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Control engineering > Automation
Technological sciences > Engineering > Electrical engineering
Technological sciences > Technology > Industrial technology

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	30,00
Teste	20,00
Trabalho prático ou de projeto	50,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	70,00
Frequência das aulas	52,00
Trabalho laboratorial	40,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

-- Attendence of 75% of classes (University of Porto regulations).

-- A minimum grade of 7.00 values at component P.

Calculation formula of final grade

Evaluation components and correspondent weights in the final classification:

Final exam component (CE), with the following weight:
-- Final Exam (EX), 30%

Distributed component (DC) with the following weights:
-- Mini Tests (MT): 20%
-- Laboratory work (TL): 50%

Mini-test (MT):
Modeling a control system using with GF

Laboratory Work (TL)
-- PL1 (15%) : modeling of a process controller with ME and implementation in a microcontroller
-- PL2 (15%) : modeling of a process controller with GF and implementation in a PLC
-- PL3 (20%) : modeling of a complex process controller with GF and implementation in a PLC

-- The CE component may be subject to grade improvement.
-- The CD component is not subject to grade improvement.

For the purpose of explaining the final classification formula consider that:
-- T = (0.3*EX + 0.2*MT)/0.5
-- P = (0.15*PL1 + 0.15*PL2 + 0.2*PL3) /0.5
- All grades on a 0... 20 range.

- For approval it is necessary to obtain a minimum grade of 7.00 values in both components T and P.

- Consistency between group and individual grades: the grade in component P cannot be 5 (five) higher than the grade of component T. The opposite does not apply.

- Final Classifications> = 18 values may be conditional on the completion of an oral exam.

- Final Classification (CF):

IF (P>=7.00 AND  T>=7.00) THEN
       IF (P>T+5) THEN P=T+5
       CF = 0.3*EX+0.2*MT+0.5*P
ELSE
       CF=RFC /* reprovado por falta de componente */
END_IF

Examinations or Special Assignments

Students with statutes (workers, association leaders, sportsmen, special needs, etc.) will have an evaluation process equal to the rest of the students.

Special season exams and course completion:

- Students who have not completed the TL or MT components will have to take an equivalent test.

Internship work/project

Not applicable

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

University of Porto regulations.

Classification improvement

The distributed component (DC) is not subject to a grade improvement.

Students that were not approeved in "Systems and Automation" in the previous year:
-- Have to takle all components: EX, MT and TL.
-- The TL component is done individually

Observations

Students that were not approeved in "Systems and Automation" in the previous year:

-- They can keep the grade obtained in the TL or MT components as long as they are >= 10 values. To do so they must request this request (using e-mail) at the beginning of the semester.

-- Keeping the TL component implies that the student cancels his/her registration in the practical class. If they do not do so, this component will not be retained.

-- Keeping of the MT component implies that the student does not attend the Mini-Test. If they do, that component will not be retained.

--They will have to take the EX component.