Metallic Materials

Code:

EM0096

Acronym:

MM

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Materials

Instance: 2020/2021 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Metallurgy, Materials and Technological Processes Section
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Mechanical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEM	198	Syllabus since 2006/2007	2	-	6	52	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Knowledge and understanding of the mechanical properties of alloys and how to obtain these properties through the proper selection of materials and (or) thermal, mechanical or thermochemical treatments.

Learning outcomes and competences

It is expected that by the end of the semester, students should:
1. Be acquainted with steel microstructures and cast iron, and relate them with chemical composition and cooling velocities on the various heat treatments;
2. Be able to relate microstructures with mechanic properties: resistance, ductility and tenacity;
3- Be acquainted with the nomenclature and objectives of the metal alloys and thermal treatments;
4- Be able to discuss steel, cast iron and non-ferrous alloys selection based on the mechanical properties depending on the function of chemical composition;
5- Be able to understand thermal treatments for pre-defined objectives;
6- Be able to foresee the need of material, coatings, superficial chemical and thermo chemical treatments selection, taking into account the resistance to corrosion, unproblematic production and recyclability.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Mechanical and metallurgical concepts of mechanical behavior.
Equilibrium diagrams of metal alloys.

Program

IRON-CARBON ALLOYS 1 - The Iron-Carbon equilibrium diagram 1.1 Allotropic forms of Iron 1.2 Phases and structures within the iron-iron carbide equilibrium diagram 1.3 Effect of alloying elements on critical points and lines of Fe-C diagram 2 - Austenite Isothermal and Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams 2.1 Effect of alloying elements 2.2 Effect of austenitizing conditions 3 - Martensitic reactions. Concept of hardenability 4 - Heat Treatments for steels 5 - Construction Steels 5.1 Wrought plain carbon steels. Mechanical properties. Heat Treatments. 5.2 Alloy steels. Mechanical properties. Heat Treatments 5.3 Classification of steels based upon: i) Chemical Composition ii) Use 5.4 Thermochemical treatments: carburizing, nitridind and carbonitriding. 6 - Tool Steels 6.1 Classification of tool steels adopted by AISI-SAE 6.2 Hardness and hardenability in tool stteels 6.3 Importance of austenitizing temperature in tool steels 6.4 Cold and Hot work tool steels. 6.5 High speed tool steels. Heat treatments. Residual austenite evolution during tempering 7 - Stainless Steels 7.1 Structural types: ferritic, austenitic and martensitic types 7.2 Types of corrosion in stainless steels: galvanic, pitting and intergranular corrosion 7.3 Heat treatments in stainless steels 7.4 Mechanical Properties at low and high temperatures 8 - Precipitation-hardening steels 8.1 Heat treatments of maraging steels 8.2 Mechanical properties. Advantages and limitations. 9 - Cast Irons. Introduction. Types of cast iron. 9.1 Factors affecting graphite formation both in solid and liquid state 9.2 Grey cast irons. Importance of inoculation. Effects of matrix type and graphite form on mechanical properties. 9.3 Ductile cast irons. Importance of nodulizing. Mechanical properties of ductile cast irons 9.4 Malleable cast irons. Heat treatments and properties for malleable cast irons NON-FERROUS ALLOYS 10 - Copper alloys 10.1 Properties of pure copper 10.2 Copper- Zinc alloys: brasses. Structural types and mechanical properties i) Monophasic alloys ii) Biphasic alloys 10.3 Specific corrosion problems in brasses 10.4 Copper-Tin alloys: bronzes i) Types of bronzes ii) The importance of bronzes as anti-friction alloys 11 - Aluminium alloys 11.1 Non and Heat-treatable alloys 11.2 Precipitation hardening for the Aluminium alloys 11.3 Cast Aluminium alloys. 12 - Zinc alloys. Magnesium alloys. Types and mechanical properties. Heat Treatments 13 - Titanium alloys. Stuctural types. Mechanical properties and heat treatments. Shape memory alloys.
14 - High temperature superalloys. Nickel superalloys.
MECHANICAL TESTS
15 – Fatigue tests. 15.1 Introduction to fatigue in mechanical construction materials. 15.2 Fatigue characterization. Woehler curves. Fatigue strength definition. 15.3 Low and high cycle fatigue. Basquin and Coffin-Manson laws.15.4 Fatigue propagation. Paris law. 15.5 Practical implications of fatigue mechanisms knownledge. Surface hardening Termochemical treatments:_carburizing and nitriding.
16 – Creep tests. 16.1 Mechanical behaviour at high temperatures Creep curve. 16.2 Material creep characterization: LARSON-MILLER and MANSON-HAFERD parameters. 

Mandatory literature

Soares, Pinto; Aços
Askeland, Donald R.; The science and engineering of materials. ISBN: 0-7487-4083-X
Lucas Filipe Martins da Silva; Materiais de Construção. ISBN: 978-989-723-049-3

Complementary Bibliography

Rauter, R.O.; Aços de Ferramentas, Livros Técnicos e Científicos Ed, Rio de Janeiro, 1994
Stahlschlussel, Verlag Stahlschlussel, 210
William F. Smith; Fundamentos de engenharia e ciência dos materiais. ISBN: 978-85-8055-114-3

Teaching methods and learning activities

Students will attend theoretical classes and laboratory classes. Here, they are supposed to do study a metallic alloy . The basic steps of this will be: 1-Bibliography survey of properties for studied metallic alloy 2-Comparison of each alloy with alloys of other groups 3-Experimental study about the influence of some heat treatments on the mechanical behaviour of the studied alloy

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	70,00
Trabalho laboratorial	30,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Elaboração de relatório/dissertação/tese	20,00
Estudo autónomo	40,00
Frequência das aulas	52,00
Trabalho laboratorial	50,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Presence of at least 75% of laboratory classes is mandatory to final exam admission

Calculation formula of final grade

Report on experimental study (30%) + final exam (70%).
Minimum exam grade = 7.0 vals

Classification improvement

Only the part of the exam is likely to improve.
The formula for calculating the final grade for grade improvement is the same as for the grade that the student wants to improve.

Observations

Students who attend classes in the previous year and did the practical assignment can either: 1. attend classes again and do another practical assignment 2. or attend to the final exam and the practical assignment will be taken into account in the final mark.

The practical assignment will be valid for a year. The practical assignment grade includes: students’ assiduity, class work, mini-tests and the report and discussion of the assignment.