Fluvial Works and Hydroplants 1

Code:

EC0097

Acronym:

AHOF1

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environment

Instance: 2019/2020 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environment Division
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Civil Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEC	10	Syllabus since 2006/2007	5	-	5	60	133

Teaching language

Portuguese and english

Objectives

JUSTIFICATION:
The lecture topics of the course unit "Hydraulic Power Plants and River Works 1" have significance in Civil Engineering and are essential for the preparedness of future graduates. To enable knowledge about techniques and methodologies related to construction, project and design is essential for professional working in hydraulic power plants and river works. These subjects correspond, with the appropriate extensions, to applications of topics taught in previous course units within the Master in Civil Engineering, namely General Hydraulics 1 and 2 and Hydrology and Water Resources.


OBJECTIVES:
Knowing the regulations related to this area of Civil Engineering; Design of temporary river diversion (lateral contraction or gallery) and verify its operation; verify the safety of a hydraulic power plant based on mobile beds in relation to phenomena associated with seepage under the foundation, using advanced methodologies; know some construction techniques applicable to previous themes (diaphragm walls, piling, etc.); design and verify the correct hydraulic operation of spillways and bottom outlets.

Learning outcomes and competences

Knowledge: To know and apply the Regulation of Dam Safety , Project Dam Standards, Construction Dam Standards and Rules of Observation and Inspection of Dams; to design temporary river diversion structures, either by lateral contraction or by gallery, defining the respective flow rates and checking your hydraulic operation; To apply the methods of verifying the safety of a dam based on mobile beds in relation to phenomena associated with seepage under the foundation (internal erosion, roofing, soil survey, etc. ) using expedited methods (Bligh, Lane, USSR Regulation (Code of Practice for the Design of Hydraulic Structures) and others) and advanced (finite element method ); To apply construction techniques of cofferdams and dams (diaphragm walls, piling, etc. ); To design spillways and bottom outlets and to verify its correct hydraulic operating conditions.

Comprehension: To analyse the operation of a lateral contraction of the river or a gallery; To relate the characteristics of the foundation of a dam with the need for safety verification of a recovery based on hydraulic mobile beds in relation to phenomena associated with percolation; To describe accurately and objectively construction techniques of dams and cofferdams; To define the characteristics of the flood spillways, bottom outlets and to verify its correct hydraulic operating conditions.

Application: To apply the apprehended concepts in the analysis and the in solving of problems, which are as close as possible to the reality of hydraulic powerplants. To develop perception of real phenomenon through real cases.

Analysis: To critically analyse, discuss and interpret obtained results, in order to consolidate knowledge of the phenomenon and of the used computation methods.


Summary : To critically explain possibilities and options in practice, seeking to briefly discuss the why behind the used approach and the relevancy of its application.

Rating: To critically analyse choices and used computation methods, having in mind their limitations and simplifications.

Working method

Presencial

Program

Chapter 1 – Classification and typology of hydroelectric power plants; Project Dam Standards, Construction Dam Standards and Rules of Observation and Inspection of Dams. Dam failure.

Chapter 2 – River diversion. Project constraints. Cofferdams. Diversion of flow by lateral contraction and gallery. Construction methods (diaphragm walls).

Chapter 3 - Analysis of seepage under dams based on mobile. Methods of Blight and Lane. Type of dam construction schemes based on mobile beds. Method of resistance coefficients or Russian regulation.

Chapter 4 – Spillways. Functions, types and classification.

Chapter 5 – Bottom outlets.

Chapter 6 – Earthfill Dams.

TOPICS' WEIGHTS: Cap. 1: 7.5 %; Cap. 2: 30%; Cap. 3: 27.5%; Cap. 4: 22.5%; Cap. 5: 7.5%; Cap. 6: 5%.


PERCENTUAL DISTRIBUTION:

Scientific Component - 30%;
Technological Component - 70%.


DEMONSTRATION OF THE SYLLABUS COHERENCE WITH THE CURRICULAR UNIT'S OBJECTIVES:
This course unit presents principles of hydraulics related to the design, project and construction indispensable to the hydraulic power plants civil engineers, applying subjects taught in previous course units within the Master in Civil Engineering (General Hydraulics 1 and 2 and Hydrology and Water Resources).

Mandatory literature

D. L. Vischer, W. H. Hager; Dam hydraulics. ISBN: 0-471-97289-4
por J. Novais-Barbosa; Mecânica dos fluídos e hidráulica geral
P. Novak... [et al.]; Hydraulic structures. ISBN: 0-419-20070-3
Armando Lencastre; Hidráulica de Estruturas, LNEC
Instituto da Água; Curso de Exploração e Segurança de Barragens , 2001

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical classes: All subjects are presented and discussed during theoretical classes using media resources and whiteboard (where appropriate); formulation and problem solving-type at the end of each subject. The basic supporting material is available from Sigarra (FEUP’s information system).

Practical classes: For each chapter topic a selection of exercises is proposed; during class, time is dedicated to the discussion of the proposed exercises, and the teacher will clarify individually or collectively student’s doubts.

Laboratorial classes: Two demonstrative sessions and use of the software SEEP/W and HEC-RAS.

DEMONSTRATION OF THE COHERENCE BETWEEN THE TEACHING METHODOLOGIES AND THE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

The presentation of concepts, principles and fundamental hydraulic theories related to regulation, river diversion, seepage, design of spillways and bottom outlets and earthfill dams is based on the analysis of clear examples. Aims to develop scientific and critical thinking related to the subjects studied and demonstrate the connection between every elements of a hydraulic power plant and different construction steps.

In this way, students develop a proper attitude and thinking to solve engineering problems (from current to special ones), as well as a solid basis for the subsequent course units, allowing rigorous problems formulations and the correct application of the techniques learned.

Software

SEEP/W
HEC-RAS

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	75,00
Teste	25,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	86,00
Frequência das aulas	47,00
Total:	133,00

Eligibility for exams

Achieving final classification requires compliance with attendance at the course unit, according to the MIEC assessment rules. It is considered that students meet the attendance requirements if, having been regularly enrolled, the number of absences of 25% for each of the classes’ types is not exceeded.

Calculation formula of final grade

The final grade is defined with basis on a “Final Exam” (EF) and one Distributed Evaluation Components (CAD).

EF: Exam to be performed in the normal or re-sit examination season, with a theoretical part (without consultation) and a practical part (without consultation), with the maximum total duration of 3.0 hours (evaluation expressed on a 0-to-20 numerical scale, rounded to one decimal place: theory – 10 values; practice – 10 values).

Distributed Evaluation Components (optional):

CAD: Distributed Evaluation Component, to be performed on a schedule coincident with theoretical or practical classes, on dates to be sheduled each year, with a maximum duration of 50min (evaluation expressed on a 0-to-20 numerical scale, rounded to one decimal place);

According to the MIEC Evaluation Rules (paragraph 3.2.d), students have the possibility of substituting one or the two Distributed Evaluation Components by the Final Exam. Therefore, the FINAL GRADE (CF) will be the best grade obtained by the following formulas:

CF1 = 0.750 EF + 0.25 CAD

CF2 = 1.000 EF

i.e., CF = maximum {CF1, CF2} (CF rounded to the unity).

Note 1: The Distributed Evaluation Component (CAD) focus on subjects related with the developed work in theoretical and practical classes. The topics of each Distributed Evaluation Component will be indicated timely. The Final Exam (EF) covers all the course unit subjects.

Note 2: ALL students enrolled in the course unit are classified according to this method, i.e., students with a special status are also evaluated according to this method.

Note 3: For the calculation of the Final Classification (CF) ONLY the components (EF and CAD) of the CURRENT school year are considered (i.e., marks for the Distributed Evaluation Components from former years ARE NOT considered). 

Note 4: The students enrolled to the Final Exam for classification improvement (see specific rule) are excluded from this method of calculating the final grade, as well as the students with a special status undergoing examination in a special season (see specific rule).

Note 5: Improvement of the Distributed Evaluation classification is not allowed (see specific rule).

Note 6: The students that miss a Distributed Evaluation Component (CAD1 or CAD2), with a justification accepted by the Director of MIEC, have the possibility to perform a re-sit test (but only once) to be scheduled with the Responsible Professor of the course unit.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

The students with a Special Status are classified according to the method presented in "Final grade", EXCEPT when they undergo examination in a Special Season. In this case, according to the NGA, students are evaluated in a “single evaluation moment”, which consist of an exam with the same characteristics of the Final Exam (FE). The Special Exam grade is expressed on a 0-to-20 numerical scale, rounded to the unity: theory – 50%; practice – 50%.

Classification improvement

The students that have already obtained approval in the course unit can perform CLASSIFICATION IMPROVEMENT, only once, and exclusively by a Final Exam (EF), to be performed in the two following examination seasons (Normal or Re-sit).

Being the classification improvement performed exclusively by a Final Exam (evaluation expressed on a 0-to-20 numerical scale, rounded to the unit), there is no room for improvement of the classification of the Distributed Evaluation Components.

The Final Grade in the course unit is the highest between the one initially obtained and the one resulting from the classification improvement.

Observations

SPECIAL RULES FOR MOBILITY STUDENTS:

Frequency of graduation course units introductory to the subjects covered by General Hydraulics 2. Proficiency in Portuguese.

Mobility students perform the Final Exam and Distributed Evaluation Components in Portuguese or English, if they requerst so.

Mobility students may have tutorial support in English during the theoretical-practical classes, if they request so.

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE:
The non-attendance and/or non-approval in General hydraulics 1, General Hydraulics 2 and  Hydrology and Water Resources increases the difficulty level of the present course unit.

ESTIMATED WORKING TIME OUT OF CLASSES: 5 hours/week.