Thermal Energy and Energetic Efficiency

Code:

EQ0101

Acronym:

ETEE

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Technological Sciences

Instance: 2017/2018 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Chemical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEQ	15	Syllabus	4	-	6	56	162
			5

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Learning of general applyed thermal engineering. Learning of thermal energy prodution processes.

Learning outcomes and competences

Students can gain basic skills about energy audits, energy quality principles and cogeneration plants.

Students can gain basic skills about thermal energy production through fossil combustible.

Students should have the basic tools to optimize the energy in a process with several heat exchanges.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Thermodynamics, Mass and Heat Balances, Mass and Heat Transport Phenomena

Program

MODULE I

Introduction to the lecture course. Introduction to Thermal Engineering. What is an energy audit. The macro and the micro audit. The micro-audit and how to proceed.

The quantification and qualification of the envolved energies. The equivalent primary energy.

The 1982 portuguese legislation. The new legislation from 2008.

Primary energy conversion factors. Emission factors, carbon intensity. Energy intensity. Specific energy consumption. Targets for the specific energy consumption according to 1982 and 2008 laws.

Basic principles if the energy accounting. Operational costs. Capital costs. Total costs, capital and running costs. different value sacles. Monetary and energy scales. Different energy scalling factors. Equivalence time of an energy converter. Comparison between monetary and energy accounting. Added value for an energy unit and operational plant.

Cogeneration, advantages and disadvantages. Types of cogeneration plants. The thermodynamics of cogeneration. Electrical efficienct. Artificial electrical efficiency. Equivalent efficiency. Energy utilization factor. Weighted energy utilization factor. Energy economy index. Primary energy demand ratio.

The environmental impaction of the cogeneration. Basic conditions fopr environmental friendly cogeneration plants.

Economics of cogeneration plantes. Energy and exergy evaluation. Basic principles for cost evaluation. Analysis of a cogeneration plant with a steam turbine. Methodology for the definition of the mathematical model for cost estimation.

Simplified methods for cost estimation. Definition of the price of the electricity. Definition of the price of useful thermal power. Minimum conditions for a profitable cogeneration plant.

Trigeneration. The cogeneration for cold and electricity production. Simulstaneous trigeneration. Conditions for an environmentally friendly cogeneration.

MODULE II

- Introduction - slow combustion and deflagration; beginning of combustion; pre-mixed and diffusion flame; deflagration and detonation; gas, liquid and solid fuels; Mass conservation; Chemical equation; Combustion of hydrocarbons; products of combustion, complete combustion; reduced combustion; incomplete combustion

- Thermodynamics and Combustion - 1st law of thermodynamics applied to combustion; Enthalpy of formation and internal energy of formation; Heating values; Approximate formulas to calculate heating values of fuels; adiabatic flame temperature; dissociation; equilibrium constant and dissociation constant; reversible combustion; Gibbs function and dissociation constant

- Chemistry and combustion- rate of reaction; molecules and rate of reaction; rate of reaction equation; the effect of pressure on rates of reaction; rate of reaction on an isothermal combustion; the effect of temperature on simple rates of reaction; relationship between activation energy and enthalpy of combustion.

- Combustion controlled by kinetics and combustion controlled by diffusion.

MODULE III

- Design of a cogeneration System - a case study

- Energetic integration in chemical processes

 

Mandatory literature

000002158

Complementary Bibliography

000011584. ISBN: 0-12-285852-2

Teaching methods and learning activities

Combined theoretical and practical classes

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Defesa pública de dissertação, de relatório de projeto ou estágio, ou de tese	20,00
Exame	35,00
Trabalho de campo	15,00
Trabalho escrito	30,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Elaboração de projeto	20,00
Estudo autónomo	20,00
Total:	40,00

Calculation formula of final grade

Module I - Final examination (35%)

Module II- Individual work (15%)

Module III - Oral presentation and  project report (50%).

 

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Examination about all the topics (Modules I, II and III)

Classification improvement

Final examination (Modules I ). Concerning Module II and III it is possible to improve the mark with a new version of the project report.