Environmental Chemistry

Code:

EMG0011

Acronym:

QA

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Chemistry

Instance: 2015/2016 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Mining Engineering Department
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Mining and Geo-Environmental Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
LCEEMG	28	Plano de estudos oficial a partir de 2008/09	2	-	6	56	162

Teaching language

Suitable for English-speaking students

Objectives

This subject aims to study the physical and chemical properties of water and the chemical equilibria in natural aqueous systems. Present the main physical-chemical and biological parameters for evaluation of the quality of water and the most important treatment processes for contaminated water. Present de first and second law of thermodynamics showing their application to the study of thermal effects in chemical processes and to the analysis of heat machines. Study and calculate the thermodynamic properties of pure fluids and describe phase equilibria.

Learning outcomes and competences

Using the knowledge to identify and characterize water samples in the context of environmental contamination. Understand the main theoretical concepts, laws and equations of thermodynamics;
Interrelate the concepts and apply them directly in solving quantitative problems and practical; Participate actively in the discussion and resolution of problems;
Understand the relevance and importance of thermodynamics in rationalizing chemical phenomena, physical and important practical applications.

Working method

Presencial

Program

Water Chemistry Structure and physical properties of water. Chemical reactions of water. Heavy water. Water cycle. Water pollution. Parameters for determine the quality of water and methods used for analysis. Water treatment. Chemical equilibria in natural waters: acid-base equilibria (dissolved carbon dioxide), complexation equilibria (metal ions in aqueous solution), precipitation and dissolution, oxidation-reduction, interface solid-solution. Thermodynamics Introduction. Basic concepts. The phase rule. Notion of equilibrium. Notion of ideal gas. Equation of state for ideal gases. The first law of thermodynamics. Notion of internal energy, enthalpy and heat capacity. Calculation of heat and PV work. Relationships for adiabatic processes. The second law of thermodynamics. The Carnot cycle for power plants and refrigeration. Concept of entropy and calculation of entropy for ideal gases. Properties of pure fluids. PVT diagrams and their projections. The virial equation of state. Notion of compressibility factor. Cubic equations of state: van der Waals and Redlich-Kwong equations. Equation of Antoine. Enthalpy and entropy for phase transition: Clapeyron, Riedel and Watson equations. Mixture of ideal gases. Ideal solutions – Coligative properties: cryoscopic depression, ebullioscopic elevation and osmotic pressure. Ideal solubility of solids in liquids. Phase equilibrium for ideal mixtures. Notion of Gibbs energy and chemical potential. Vapour-Liquid equilibrium: Raoult and Henry laws. Phase diagrams for vapour-liquid equilibrium.Thermochemistry and chemical equilibrium. Notion of standard heat of reaction, standard heat of formation and standard heat of combustion. Temperature effect on the heat of reaction – Kirchhoff law. Criteria for chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium constants for ideal gas mixtures and ideal solutions. Van’t Hoff law. Mixtures of real gases and real solutions. Notion and calculation of residual properties. Coefficients of volume expansivity and isothermal compressibility. Expressions for calculating the enthalpy and entropy of liquids.

Mandatory literature

Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles; Thermodynamics. ISBN: 978-007-131111-3
Yunus A. Çengel, Michael A. Boles; Termodinâmica. ISBN: 972-773-097-3
Domingos Barbosa; Química Ambiental / Módulo de Termodinâmica. Licenciatura em Engenharia de Minas e Geoambiente
Manahan, Stanley E.; Environmental chemistry. ISBN: 1-56670-633-5
Sawyer, Clair N.; Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. ISBN: 0-07-113908-7

Complementary Bibliography

Smith, J. M.; Introduction to chemical engineering thermodynamics. ISBN: 0-07-240296-2
Yaws, C.L.; Chemical Properties Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1999. ISBN: 159124028X (electronic bk.)
Stumm, Werner; Aquatic chemistry. ISBN: 0-471-51185-4
Valsaraj, K.T.; Elements of Environmental Engineering - Thermodynamics and Kinetics, Lewis Publishers, 2000. ISBN: 1-56670-397-2
Xavier Domènech, José Peral; Química Ambiental de Sistemas terrestres, Editorial reverté, Sa, 2006. ISBN: 84-291-7906-2

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical classes of exposition complemented with practical examples, and theoretical-practical classes of solving application problems related to the contents studied in theoretical classes.

keywords

Physical sciences > Physics
Physical sciences > Chemistry
Technological sciences > Engineering
Physical sciences > Mathematics

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	50,00
Teste	50,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	78,00
Frequência das aulas	52,00
Total:	130,00

Eligibility for exams

The student cannot exceed the absence limit contemplated in Article 4 of the General Evaluation Rules of FEUP.

Calculation formula of final grade

At the end of each module an assessment test will be performed with weight of 50% each one:

NF = 0.5*T1 + 0.5*T2

NF = Final Grade
T1 = Thermodynamic Test
T2 = Water Chemistry Test

The second test will take place in the 1st call of the examinations.

The minimum score of each component is 7 points.

Students who weren't approved in the distributed assessment (T1 and T2) have to undergo "Exame de Recurso" (2ª call exam) which may be total or only one of the modules, as long as T1 >= 7 points or T2 >= 7 points, or both modules.

Students who do not obtain a minimum score of 7 values ​​are obliged to undergo the "Exame de Recurso" (2ª call exam).

There will not be a 1st call exam once the type of evaluation is: "Distributed Assessment Without Final Exam".

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not applicable.

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

By global examination in the "Exame de Recurso" (2ª Call).

Classification improvement

By global examination in the "Exame de Recurso" (2ª Call).

Observations

The module "Water Chemistry" has a weight of 50% in the final standings. The remaining 50% are assigned to the module "Thermodynamics". The assessment of each module must be performed after its completion. 

Test 1 will take place at October 28th.
Test 2 will be schedule in the calendar's exam of 1ª call.

Language of instruction: Portuguese and English.