Chemistry II

Code:

EQ0008

Acronym:

Q II

Instance: 2007/2008 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Chemical Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Chemical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
LEQ	0	Plano de estudos de transição para 2006/07	1	8	8	-
MIEQ	100	Syllabus since 2006/2007	1	-	8	-

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Global aims:
To pass on fundamental knowledge on chemistry that will support the student education on Chemical Engineering; To give a global vision of fundamental chemistry in an interface framework with questions of quotidian life; To consolidate and to deep the chemistry knowledge previously acquired, applying, namely, the subjects taught in Chemistry I. To develop a scientific reasoning; To stimulate a critical mind, aiming to avoid the primary acceptance of results; To promote the student auto-sufficiency, valuing the search and use of recently published data.
Specific aims:
To create capacities for: i) quantifying the heat involved in physical and chemical changes; ii) evaluating the possibility of occurrence of the physical and chemical changes; iii) quantifying the composition of equilibrium systems; iv) previewing and understanding the answer of systems to changes in equilibrium conditions; v) to proceed to the organic compounds structural analysis; vi) getting to know the diversity of behaviours (reactions) evidenced by the different classes of organic compounds; vii) identify and relate these types of reactions on compounds with practical uses; viii) to elaborate strategies of complex organic compounds synthesis from simpler compounds; ix) to know the main characteristics of macro-molecules.

Program

Module 1: GENERAL CHEMISTRY

TERMOCHEMISTRY
Systems states and energies; enthalpy; the enthalpy of chemical changes.

SPONTANEITY OF CHANGES
Entropy; global changes in entropy; Gibbs energy.

PHYSICAL EQUILIBRIUM
Phases and phase transitions; solubility; colligative properties; binary liquid mixtures.

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
Reaction at equilibrium; the response of equilibrium to changes in conditions; equilibrium and rate.

EQUILIBRIUM IN AQUEOUS PHASE
Equilibrium in Acid-Base Reactions
Acid-base reactions; weak acids and bases; the pH of solutions of weak acids and bases; the pH of polyprotic acids and bases; autoprotolysis and pH; mixed solutions and buffers; pH of non-ideal aqueous solutions. Solubility and Complexation;
The solubility product; the common-ion effect; predicting precipitation; selective precipitation; dissolving precipitates; complex ion formation; solubility equilibrium for non-ideal aqueous solutions.

EQUILIBRIUM IN OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS
Half-reactions; balancing ions oxidation-reduction reactions; the electrochemical series; the structure of galvanic cells; cell potential and reaction Gibbs energy; standard potentials and equilibrium constants; the Nernst equation.

Module 2: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES
Spectroscopy of UV, IV (revision), 1H RMN and mass spectrometry (MS).

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. REACTIONS OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. Diazonium Salts - Substitution and coupling reactions; Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution. Side Chain Reactions. Alkylbenzene. Applications: detergents and pesticides.

CARBONYL COMPOUNDS REACTIONS.
Nucleophilic addition to Carbonyl group - aldehydes and ketones. Aldol Condensation. Cannizaro's Reaction.
Reduction of Carbonyl compounds. Oxidation of aldehydes. Applications: Medicaments.

Nucleophilic substitution in the Carbonyl group. Reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives; Substitution with reagents of Grignard. Applications: condensation polymers: polyamides and polyesters. Soaps.

EXAMPLES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS SYNTHESIS
Strategies of synthesis. Synthesis of some organic compounds used in the industry.

BIOCHEMISTRY CONCEPTS
Amino acids, Peptides and proteins. Carbohydrates. Lipids. Nucleic acids.

Mandatory literature

Solomons, T. W. Graham; Organic Chemistry. ISBN: 0-471-19095-0
Atkins, Peter; Chemical principles. ISBN: 0-7167-5701-X
P. Atkins, L. Jones; Princípios de Química - Questionando a vida moderna e o meio ambiente, I. , Bookman, 2001
Lúcia Santos; Química II – Módulo Química Orgânica - documentação de apoio às aulas, 2007

Complementary Bibliography

Pavia, Donald L.; Introduction to spectroscopy. ISBN: 0-03-058427-2
Morrison, R.; Química orgânica. ISBN: 972-31-0513-6

Teaching methods and learning activities

General theoretical-practical lectures (TPG)
Presentations supported by audiovisual media, and illustrated with the solution of problems related with practical examples, included in tutorial handouts to be delivered to the students. Special attention will be given to the application of knowledge in quotidian life issues, with interfaces with Chemical Engineering and the Environment. Students will be strongly stimulated to participate during the classes. Presences will be registered.
Theoretical-practical lectures for classes (TPT)
Besides the problems solved in TPG, the handouts will include proposals for problems to be solved in TPT, and other problems to be solved out of the classes, to facilitate learning and to consolidate knowledge. Special attention will be given to the critical analysis of results and to the search of data in tables delivered to the students. Absences will be registered.

keywords

Physical sciences > Chemistry > Organic chemistry
Physical sciences > Chemistry

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Eligibility for exams

Students need to attend at least a quarter of the TPT classes taught in each module.

Calculation formula of final grade

Four tests: two for the module 1 of General Chemistry (QG) and two for module 2 of Organic Chemistry (QO).
The final grade (CF) is obtained through the arithmetical average grade of QG and QO (CQG and CQO), being required a minimum of 6 in 20 for both. CQG and CQO are based on the the respective test grades. Students with 4 or less in any of the tests can only be approved through an extra examination of the respective module(s).
CF = (CQG + CQO)/2

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Not applicable.

Classification improvement

Extra examination only for approved students.