Quando os direitos humanos ficam fora de jogo: uma análise ao silenciamento das seleções durante o Mundial de Futebol de 2022

• Type: Article in International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2023

Authors

Rocha, Fernando Jesus da (Author) Other; Morais, Ricardo (Author) FLUP

Journal

Title: Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas

Vol. 13 No. 26

Pages: 121-140

ISSN: 2174-3681

Publisher: Universidad de Malaga

Indexing

Latindex

Dialnet

MIAR

DOAJ

EBSCO

Other information

DOI: 10.5783/revrrpp.v13i26.821

Resumo (PT): Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a visibilidade e a dimensão conferida pelas 32 seleções presentes no Campeonato do Mundo de Futebol de 2022, em relação às violações de direitos humanos cometidas pelo país-sede, Qatar, a partir das suas redes sociais digitais, especialmente no Facebook, plataforma que concentra o maior número de seguidores. As seleções são geridas pelas federações de futebol de cada país, consideradas, no âmbito deste estudo, como organizações. O estudo está centrado em conceitos como Espiral do Silêncio, Estratégias de Invisibilidade, Silenciamento das Organizações, Agenda-setting e Framing, teorias que ajudam a entender como a comunicação pode influenciar na formação da perceção pública e consciencialização sobre determinados assuntos. Utilizando o método da análise de conteúdo, foram examinadas 5.069 publicações nas páginas oficiais das federações durante o evento. Algumas seleções abordaram temas relacionados aos 17 Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, que nesta investigação serve como parâmetro para o que se entende como sendo um conteúdo de responsabilidade social. No entanto, apenas três das seleções mencionaram, mesmo que de forma superficial, os problemas de direitos humanos identificados no Qatar. O estudo aprofunda a distância entre o reconhecimento desses problemas e a comunicação pública, sobretudo nas redes sociais. Os resultados ressaltam a urgência de uma abordagem mais contundente e responsável por parte das federações, diante de questões controversas, considerando o alcance e o impacto das suas mensagens na opinião pública.

Abstract (EN): The 2022 Football World Cup, hosted in Qatar, brought together 32 national teams represented by the respective national football federations. This study considered these teams as organizations and their capacity to inform and shape public perception according to their communication strategies through messages on their social networks. Such a major sport event provides, in addition to the competitive experience, a unique opportunity to give visibility to social responsibility and human rights issues. This study focuses precisely on the relationship between the visibility and the dimension granted by these selections to human rights violations associated with the host country of Qatar. For this purpose, the analysis of their digital presence on Facebook, the platform that concentrates the largest number of followers of these federations, is considered. The theoretical basis of this study addresses concepts such as the Spiral of Silence, Public Opinion, Invisibility Strategies, Silencing of Organizations, Agenda-setting, and Framing, which contribute to the understanding of how communications can impact and influence public opinion in raising awareness about issues related to social responsibility, human rights and their representation in the public space. This investigation, characterized by being quantitative and qualitative, is assumed to be a multiple case study and adopts a methodological approach with the content analysis technique. We consider a sample of 5,069 publications extracted from the official Facebook accounts of each one of the national teams participating in the Football World Cup. For the investigation, the period of the event was considered, from November 18, 2022, to December 21, 2022, to which were added, for analysis purposes, two days before the official opening and two days after the final. When analyzing each of these publications, we mainly tried to verify the correspondence of these messages with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the UN's 2030 Agenda, which are used in this study as a reference for the presence of social responsibility content, deepening the analysis for the recurrence of messages that warn of human rights violations committed by the host country of the World Cup, Qatar. The results indicate that although some of the national teams addressed issues related to the Sustainable Development Goals, only 3 of the 32 national teams mentioned, even superficially, the human rights concerns associated with hosting the World Cup. This flagrant discrepancy between the recognition of these social issues and the visibility conferred by the official communication of these organizations through their digital platforms constitutes the central point of the results. The implications of these findings reveal a gap between recognizing controversial issues and communicating about them. The study highlights the need for sports organizations to adopt a more consistent and responsible approach to controversial issues, considering that the potential impact of their messages can shape public opinion. In this way, we seek to contribute to academic discussions that mainly involve the invisibility strategies of organizations in the face of communicating critical issues. A competition of the magnitude of the 2022 World Cup provides not only a stage for sports performances but the opportunity to draw attention to matters of public interest that can be debated and reflected on through the dissemination capacity of digital social networks.

Language: Portuguese

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific