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Ultrasound assessment of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction to predict the success of weaning in mechanically ventilated children

Title
Ultrasound assessment of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction to predict the success of weaning in mechanically ventilated children
Type
Thesis
Year
2020-05-18
Authors
Lara Maria Mouta Torres
(Author)
FMUP
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Scientific classification
FOS: Medical and Health sciences > Basic medicine
Other information
Resumo (PT): Um grande número de pacientes internados na UCI requer ventilação mecânica durante o seu internamento. No entanto, há uma crescente conscientização de que a disfunção diafragmática induzida pelo ventilador é altamente prevalente em doentes críticos e é, provavelmente, uma causa contribuinte da falência da extubação. No campo pediátrico, esse fenómeno pode ter um impacto ainda maior. As ferramentas convencionais para avaliar a função diafragmática não são simples nem adequadas para pacientes sob ventilação mecânica. A ecografia emergiu recentemente como um novo método de avaliação da função diafragmática, prevalecendo sobre outras modalidades de imagem. Certos índices de função diafragmática, como espessura do diafragma, a fração de espessamento e a excursão foram estabelecidos em pacientes ventilados mecanicamente para monitorar alterações na função do diafragma ao longo do tempo, detetar disfunção diafragmática e avaliar se esses índices podem prever o sucesso da extubação. Os objetivos desta revisão narrativa são resumir a técnica e as aplicações clínicas da ecografia na avaliação da função diafragmática em pacientes pediátricos na UCI e avaliar sua utilidade e precisão para prever o resultado da extubação.
Abstract (EN): A great number of patients admitted to the ICU require mechanical ventilation during their process of care. However, there is increasing awareness that ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction is highly prevalent in critically ill patients and is likely a contributing cause of weaning failure. On the pediatric field, this phenomenon may have a greater impact. Conventional tools to evaluate diaphragm function are not simple or adequate to perform in mechanically ventilated patients. Ultrasonography has recently emerged as a new method for assessment of diaphragm function, prevailing over other imaging modalities. Certain indices of diaphragm function, namely diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction and excursion have been established for mechanically ventilated patients to monitor changes in diaphragm function over time, to detect diaphragmatic dysfunction, and to evaluate if these indices can predict successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. The aims of this narrative review are to summarize the technique and the clinical applications of ultrasonography in the evaluation of diaphragmatic function in ICU pediatric patients, and to assess its utility and accuracy for predicting weaning outcomes.
Language: English
No. of pages: 54
Documents
File name Description Size
Monografia Ultrasound assessment of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction to predict the success of weaning in mechanically ventilated children 3196.37 KB
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