Geostatistics

Code:

M.EMG0023

Acronym:

GEO

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Mathematics
OFICIAL	Earth Sciences

Instance: 2024/2025 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	http://moodle.fe.pt
Responsible unit:	Department of Civil and Georesources Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Mining and Geo-Environmental Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
M.EMG	5	Plano de estudos oficial a partir de 2008/09	1	-	6	45,5	162

Teaching language

Suitable for English-speaking students

Objectives

Introduction to the fundamental concepts and procedures of data analysis with spatial and/or temporal variability - Geostatistics - aiming at enabling students to apply them, namely in a mining, geoenvironmental or geotechnical context.

Learning outcomes and competences

To familiarize the students with the basic concepts and procedures of Geostatistics allowing them to be used theoretically and practically in a rigorous way.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Matthematical Analysis I and II; Classical Statistics

Program

Presentation of the course unit with emphasis on the conceptual differences between classical statistics and geostatistics. Historical introduction.

Review of concepts of uni- and bi-variable descriptive statistics: frequency tables and histograms, moments, theoretical models, comparison between distributions, graphical representations of distributions of two variables, correlation and linear regression, conditional expectation.

Some statistical applications to mining problems, notably in the calculation of reserves: introduction to the T-Sichel estimator, the concept of dispersion variance and Krige's additivity relation.

Geo-referencing: spatial description - various types of graphical representation. Structural analysis: definition of regionalised variable and fundamental assumptions of geostatistics; the variogram - experimental, theoretical and admissible models - situations of isotropy and anisotropy; adjustment of theoretical models. Global and point estimation and the variance of the estimation error. The kriging method - normal, simple, indicatrix, with drift, cokriging and colocalised cokriging. The cross-validation method.

Introduction to geostatistical simulation.

Mandatory literature

Soares, Amílcar; Geoestatística. ISBN: 972-8469-10-1
David, Michel; Handbook of applied advanced geostatistical ore reserve estimation. ISBN: 0-444-42918-2
Isaaks, Edward H.; Applied Geostatistics. ISBN: 0-19-505013-4
Pierre Goovaerts; Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation. ISBN: 0-19-511538-4

Complementary Bibliography

Armstrong, Margaret; Géostatistique linéaire. ISBN: 2-911762-07-X
Textos e outro material de apoio a fornecer pelo docente

Teaching methods and learning activities

The course is formally set in theoretical-applied lectures. Some will be mainly used for a theoretical introduction of the different matters with sporadic examples of application. In others, there will be successive development of application examples using geospatial data sets, with the help of charts, Excel spreadsheet, MatLab and specific software.

One or more geospatial data sets will be used as “raw -material” for the developments resulting from the application of the concepts previously introduced. The referred data will have associated an integrated set of objectives to be gradually attained. The conceptual framework will be growing and structured intone with practical needs, felt in the data treatment process leading to attaining the referred objectives.

Software

GeoEas
Excel spreadsheet
Matlab
GSLIB90/Wingslib
Gs+

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Participação presencial	10,00
Teste	50,00
Trabalho escrito	40,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	70,00
Frequência das aulas	45,00
Trabalho escrito	47,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Not exceed the number of absences established in the General Evaluation Rules and have a mark in the Distributed Evaluation equal to or higher than 6.0 points.

Calculation formula of final grade

The final classification will be the Distributed Assessment.

The distributed assessment during the semester includes: 2 tests, assignments and performance.

The grading of the Distributed Assessment is obtained by weighted average using the following weights:
55% for two assessment tests: 25%, 1st test and 30%, 2nd test;
45% for assignments and performance.

Grades above 18 must be subject to oral defence.

Students who do not pass the course but have obtained frequency may take an appeal written exam. In these case, the final grade will be calculated by assigning a weight of 70% to the appeal exam and 30% to the Distributed Assessment component - assignments and performance.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not foreseen

Internship work/project

Not applicable.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

According to General Evaluation Rules of FEUP

Classification improvement

By written and/or oral test, probably coinciding with the appeal examination.