Physical Chemistry

Code:

L.EMAT017

Acronym:

QF

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Chemistry

Instance: 2022/2023 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Bachelor in Materials Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
L.EMAT	79	Syllabus	2	-	6	52	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

The importance of a sound foundation in Chemical Metallurgy to the Extractive Metallurgy as well as the rise in importance of corrosion and surface treatment of metals, the realization that the Physical Metallurgist needs to master the applications of Thermodynamics had led the Physical Chemistry as a crucial subject to be taught on the Materials Engineering course.

The main objectives of this course unit are to provide students:

- hands-on knowledge on the basic principles of Thermodynamics;

- broad knowledge of Thermodynamics underlying the metals processing techniques commonly used in extraction metallurgy, forming, and heat-treating;

- knowledge of the production and recovery processes of various metals by pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy.

Learning outcomes and competences

Transversal

- Organize, interpret, evaluate and criticize data and results;

- Understand the information transmitted by oral presentations and written texts;

- Communicate scientific information and knowledge correctly and clearly;

- Learning to learn;

- Building a positive attitude to Science;

- Develop teamwork and communication skills (oral and written).

Specific

- Using the relationships between concepts, and its application for solving specific questions;

- Structuring relations between concepts of Physical Chemistry.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Recommended prerequisites: concepts learnt in the courses of Chemistry I and II, and Materials Engineering I.

Program

Introduction to Thermodynamics

- System and its surrounding;

- Function of state;

- Heat capacity;

- The 1^st law of Thermodynamics;

- Enthalpy;

- Thermochemistry;

- Hess’s law;

- Kirchhoff’s law.

Entropy, Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium

- The 2^nd and 3^rd laws of Thermodynamics;

- Entropy;

- Gibbs free energy;

- Gibbs-Helmholtz equation;

- van't Hoff isotherm;

- van't Hoff isochore;

- Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

Solutions

- Activities;

- Raoult’s law;

- Henry’s law;

- Interaction coefficients;

- Free energy of mixing;

- Regular solutions;

- Gibbs-Duhem equation;

- Chemical potential.

Metals production and recycling

The pyrometallurgy

- Raw materials;

- Thermal pre-treatments;

- Oxides’ reduction and the blast furnace;

- The electric arc furnace and the ladle metallurgy;

- Refining by selective oxidation;

- Production of reactive non-ferrous metals.

The hydrometallurgy

- The global diagram of hydrometallurgy and the main raw materials;

- Leaching: its agents and methods; thermodynamic and kinetic aspects;

- The solutions’ concentration and purification: solvent extraction, ion exchange and activated carbon;

- The extraction of metals from the solution: chemical precipitation and precipitation by reduction; electrowinning.

Mandatory literature

Parker, R. H.; An Introduction to Chemical Metallurgy. ISBN: 0-08-012457-7
Kubaschewski, O.; Metallurgical Thermochemistry. ISBN: 0080221076
Fathi Habashi; Principles of Extractive Metallurgy. ISBN: 0-677-01770-7

Complementary Bibliography

Pierre Desré, Fiqiri Hodaj; Thermodynamique des Matériaux, EDP Sciences, 2010. ISBN: 978-2-7598-0427-6
A. Goodwin, K. N. Marsh and W.A. Wakeham; Measurement of the Thermodynamic Properties of Single Phases, Elsevier, 2003
R. D. Weir, T. W. de Loos; Measurement of the Thermodynamic Properties of Multiple Phases, Elsevier, 2005
Gupta; Chemical metallurgy: principles and practice
Vignes; Extractive metallurgy

Teaching methods and learning activities

Oral presentation, supported by the exhibition of some transparencies of basic concepts and some application examples, will be available on the course's web page, followed by a discussion and questioning period.

The students should also solve some problems proposed by the professor related to the direct application of the concepts previously discussed.

Seminars and/or field visits to industrial plants will be performed; participation will be included in the final grade.

keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Materials engineering
Physical sciences > Chemistry > Physical chemistry

Evaluation Type

Evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	110,00
Frequência das aulas	52,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

Not applicable.

Calculation formula of final grade

Final mark = 100% of the exam mark

Examinations or Special Assignments

Not applicable

Internship work/project

Not applicable

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Exceptional cases will be assessed based on a closed book written exam (it will be provided a thermodynamic data table and a Periodic Table), which is 2h long maximum.

Classification improvement

The evaluation may be improved through an exam appeal required by students.