Materials Pathologies

Code:

EC0041

Acronym:

PMAT

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Materials

Instance: 2020/2021 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Construction Materials Division
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Civil Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEC	3	Syllabus since 2006/2007	5	-	5	60	133

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

Acquisition of technician-scientific knowledge in the domain of the Materials Pathology, namely the characterization of the properties that in a more direct way relate with its deterioration, the study of the agents and mechanism of alteration, the characterization of the main degradations and study of methods and techniques of prevention, protection and repairing.

Learning outcomes and competences

   

Working method

Presencial

Program

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE MATERIALS PATHOLOGY. Definition of pathology. Pathological process. Direct and indirect causes in a pathological process. Concepts of repairing, restoration and rehabilitation. Prevention. 2. POROUS NETWORK. 2.1. Characterization - porous structure, porosity and porosimetry. 2.2 Processes of fluid transmission (diffusion, capillarity and permeability) and evaporation. 3. TECHNIQUES OF SUPPORT TO THE DIAGNOSIS. 3.1. Cartography of deteriorations. 3.2. Optical polarised microscopy. 3.3. X-ray diffraction. 3.4. Scanning electron microscopy. 4. CONCRETE PATHOLOGY. 4.1. Introduction - Main symptoms and causes of the degradation of a hardened concrete structure. Environmental exposition. 4.2. Physical processes of degradation of the hardened concrete. 4.2.1. Fictions that occur in the concrete - the plastic retraction, plastic nesting and movements during the construction. 4.2.2. Fictions that occur in hardened hard - the application of loads and imposed deformations. 4.2.3. Variations of temperature. 4.2.4. Cycles frost/defrost. 4.2.5. Erosion for abrasion and cavitation. 4.3. Chemical processes of degradation of the hardened one. 4.3.1. Attack by acids. 4.3.2. Attack by ammonium and magnesium. 4.3.3. Attack by water. 4.3.4. Attack by sulphates. 4.3.5. Attack by alkali. 4.3.6. Eflorescense. 4,4. Biological processes of degradation of the stone. 4.5. Corrosion of the armors. 4.5.1. Mechanism of the corrosion of the armors and its effect. 4.5.2. Processes that provoke the de-passivation of the armors - chloride carbonation, leaching and penetration. 4.5.3. Types of corrosion - located, generalized and under tension. 4.6. Prevention - 4.6.1. Of the used materials thickness and, quality composition hardened of covering. 4.6.2. Execution, cure and quality control of the hardened one. 4.6.3. Project Recommendations - conception and geometry of the structural elements. 4.7. Protection. 4,7,1, Direct protection of the steel - coverings and cathodic protection. 4.7.2. Indirect protection through hardened repairing mortars, coverings, extraction of the ions chloride, re-alkalinization and inhibitors of corrosion. 4.7.3. Processes of repairing. 5. MORTARS. 5.1. Main deteriorations. 5.2. Repairing mortars. 5.3. Study of the composition. 6. STONE PATHOLOGY. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Properties of the rocks that in a more direct way relate with deteriorations. 6.3. Aggressive agents and their actions. 6.3.1. Water. 6.3.2. Soluble salts. 6.3.3. Gases. 6.3.4 Wind . 6.3.5. Temperature. 6.3.6. Ice . 6.3.7. Living creatures. 6.4. Main types of deteriorations. 6.4.1. Granular disintegration. 6.4.2. Plates. 6.4.3. Flakes . 6.4.4. Black crusts. 6.4.5. Thin black layers. 6.4.6. Efflorescense. 6.4.7. Dissolutions. 6.4.8. Biological colonization. 6.5. Localization of the deteriorations in the buildings. 6.6. Responsible mechanisms for the genesis of deteriorations. 6.7. Cleaning treatments. 6.7.1. Dry and wet mechanical treatments. 6.7.2. Systems of water projection under pressure. 6.7.3. Systems of particles projection. 6.7.4. Application of chemical products. 6.7.5. Application of laser rays. 6.8. Treatments of conservation. 6.8.1. Desalinization. 6.82. Consolidation . 6.8.3. Hydrofugation. 6.8.4. Consolidation-hydrofugation . 6.9. Treatments of protection. 6.9.1. Treatments against birds. 6.9.2. Biocide treatments. 6.9.3. Anti-graffiti treatments. DEMONSTRATION OF THE SYLLABUS COHERENCE WITH THE CURRICULAR UNIT'S OBJECTIVES: The built patrimony is in more or less degraded state, being necessary a diagnosis to execute a successful repair. A proper diagnosis should include a detailed inspection, eventually a sample collection to analyze and test to find the agents and mechanisms responsible for the deterioration processes. These studies will lead to proposals for repair intervention.

Mandatory literature

Begonha, A.; Patologia da pedra - diagnóstico, 2013
Begonha, A.; Patologia da pedra - tratamentos, 2013
Teles, M.; Patologia do betão, 2009

Complementary Bibliography

Amoroso, G.G., Fassina, V.; Stone decay and conservation, Elsevier, Materials Science Monographs, 11, 453 pp. , 1983
Begonha, A.; Meteorização do granito e deterioração da pedra em monumentos e edifícios da cidade do Porto. , FEUP-Edições. Coleccção Monografias 2. Porto. 445 pp., 2001
CEB; Durable concrete structures. Design guide, Comité Euro-Internat. du Béton, Thomas Telford Services Ltd., Londres, 112 pp., 1992
Hobbs, D.; Alkali-silica reaction in concrete, Thomas Telford Services, Limited, London, 183 pp., 1988
Hobbs, D., Matthews, J.; Minimum requirements for durable concrete. Carbonation and chloride-induced corrosion, freeze-thaw attack., D.W. Hobbs, British Cement Association, Crowthorne, Berks RG45 6YS, 174 pp., 1998
Stievenard-Gireau, D.; Etude de la réation alcalis-silice dans les bétons., , Laborat. Central Ponts et Chaussées, Rapport de Recherche LPC nº 144, Paris, 104 pp., 1987

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical expositions, practical lessons in laboratory and the Centre of Studies of Materials of the University of Oporto (scanning electron microscopy) and visits of study.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	100,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	60,00
Frequência das aulas	60,00
Total:	120,00

Eligibility for exams

Achieving final classification requires compliance with attendance at the course unit, according to the MIEC assessment rules. It is considered that students meet the attendance requirements if, having been regularly enrolled, have beem present at least in 75% of the classes.

Calculation formula of final grade

Exame (100%)

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Proficiency in Portuguese; Previous attendance of introductory graduate courses in the scientific field addressed in this module; Evaluation by exam.

Classification improvement

Final exame (100%).

Observations

Estimated working time out of classes: 4 hours