Separation Processes I

Code:

EQ0082

Acronym:

PS I

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Technological Sciences (Chemical Engineering)

Instance: 2014/2015 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Chemical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEQ	111	Syllabus	3	-	6	63	162

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

The aim of this course is to illustrate the importance of separation and purification processes for the technological and economical feasibility of industrial processes, giving the students the necessary background for the selection, analysis and design of some of the most common separation processes that can be found in the chemical industries. In particular: solvent extraction, distillation, evaporation and drying.

Learning outcomes and competences

The students are expected to attain the following skills:
- Identify the basic principles governing the different classes of separation processes;
- Choose the process (or processes) more adequate for accomplish a desired separation/purification;
- Do a simplified design of the separation equipment, and understand the influence of the different operating and design variables in the final separation.
- Analyse alternatives for energy conservation.

Working method

Presencial

Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)

Knowledge of solution thermodynamics and mass end energy balances.

Program

INTRODUCTION: Characterization and classification of the separation processes. Notion of separating agent, recovery and purity.

SOLVENT EXTRACTION: The importance of solvent extraction. Liquid-Liquid and solid-liquid extraction processes. Description of the liquid-liquid and solid-liquid equilibrium. Extraction in a single equilibrium stage and in units with several equilibrium stages operating in cross and counter-current flow. Analysis of the influence of the different operating and design variables in the separation using algebraic and graphic methods. Brief introduction to supercritical extraction and extraction in two aqueous phase systems. Reference to the use of ionic liquids as solvents .

BINARY DISTILLATION: The importance of distillation in the chemical and similar industries. Brief revision on the design of flash units and calculation of vapour-liquid equilibrium. Design of conventional and complex distillation columns by the McCabe-Thiele method. Notion of overall, stage and point efficiency. Application of the Murphree and vaporization efficiencies to the design of distillation columns.

MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION: Distinction between simulation and design methods. Rigorous and shortcut design methods. Design of multicomponent distillation columns by the shortcut method of Fenske – Underwood - Gilliland – Kirkbride. Derivation of the MESH equations for rigorous design and simulation of distillation columns. Reference to extractive, azeotropic and reactive distillation.

BATCH DISTILLATION: Comparison between batch and continuous distillation. Analysis of the simple distillation process (Rayleigh distillation) and distillation units operating at constant reflux and constant distillate composition.

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN DISTILLATION PROCESSES: Analysis of the different strategies for energy conservation in distillation processes including the optimization of the operating conditions, energy integration of the distillation columns, intermediate reboilers and condensers and vapour recompression.

EVAPORATION: Types of industrial evaporators and their applications. Economy and capacity of a system of evaporators. Calculation of the temperature of liquid solutions. Notion of boiling point rise and the use of Duhring diagrams. Analysis of a single effect evaporator. Design of multiple-effect evaporators operating in counter and co-current.

DRYING AND HUMIDIFICATION: Types of industrial dryers and their applications. Definition of absolute humidity, relative humidity, adiabatic saturation temperature, and wet bulb temperature. Use of the psychometric diagram. Drying velocity laws. Design of dryers. Brief introduction to the liofilization process.

 

 

Mandatory literature

Domingos Barbosa; Apontamentos de Processos de Separação - I
Edmundo Gomes de Azevedo e Ana Maria Alves; Engenharia de processos de separação. ISBN: 978-972-8469-80-1
J.D. Seader, Ernest J. Henley; Separation process principles. ISBN: 0-471-46480-5

Complementary Bibliography

Stanley M. Walas; Chemical process equipment. ISBN: 0-7506-9385-1
Warren L. McCabe, Julian C. Smith, Peter Harriott; Unit operations of Chemical Engineering. ISBN: 0-07-112738-0

Teaching methods and learning activities

Exposition of the theoretical concepts and analysis of problems exemplifying their application.

keywords

Technological sciences > Engineering > Process engineering
Technological sciences > Technology > Industrial technology
Technological sciences > Engineering > Chemical engineering

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Exame	34,00
Teste	66,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	99,00
Frequência das aulas	63,00
Total:	162,00

Eligibility for exams

According to FEUP's regulations.

Calculation formula of final grade

1) The student may choose between distributed evaluation or final exam.
2) If the student chooses distributed evaluation, the final grade will be the average of the classifications obtained in the 3 midterm exams.
3) For final approval, the student has to obtain a grade higher than 8,0/20,0 in each midterm exam.

Examinations or Special Assignments

Three mid-term exams of 90 minutes.

Internship work/project

Not applicable

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

By final exam.

Classification improvement

By final exam.