Thermal Energy and Energetic Efficiency

Code:

EQ0101

Acronym:

ETEE

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Technological Sciences

Instance: 2009/2010 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Chemical Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEQ	9	Syllabus	4	-	7	63	189

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

This course aims to endow students with skills to analyse thermal energy processes, as well as to make them capable of using tools which are necessary to maximize energy efficiency of integrated processes.

Program

Module I- Process integration: notions; energy recovery; Pinch technology; Minimization techniques of liquid waste

Module II
1- Introduction- slow combustion and deflagration; beginning of combustion; pre-mixed and diffusion flame; deflagration and detonation; gas, liquid and solid fuels; Mass conservation; Chemical equation; Combustion of hydrocarbons; products of combustion, complete combustion; reduced combustion; incomplete combustion
2- Combustion thermodynamics- 1st law of thermodynamics applied to combustion; Enthalpy of formation and internal energy of formation; Heating values; Approximate formulas to calculate heating values of fuels; adiabatic flame temperature; dissociation; equilibrium constant and dissociation constant; reversible combustion; Gibbs function and dissociation constant
3- Chemistry and combustion- rate of reaction; molecules and rate of reaction; rate of reaction equation; the effect of pressure on rates of reaction; rate of reaction on an isothermal combustion; the effect of temperature on simple rates of reaction; relationship between activation energy and enthalpy of combustion.
4- Combustion controlled by kinetics and combustion controlled by diffusion; spontaneous ignition; spontaneous ignition delay time; definition of auto ignition; additives to control auto ignition; forced ignition

Module III
- Introduction: the problem of energy management and energy efficiency in the world in the last years; origin and framework of cogeneration systems developed in the last few years; Concept of topping cycle and bottom cycle (one week)
- Steam production: types of steam generators; steam generators and their variables (one week)
- Electric power production: steam turbine; gas turbine; problem solving regarding steam turbines (one week)
- Industrial cogeneration systems: post combustion technology and its relationship with combined cycle; energy efficiency (one week)
- Dimensioning and specification of a cogeneration system to chemical industry according to a consumption forecast of 5 years; Calculation of energy efficiency; Problem solving with professor supervision (presentation of the problem after one week, supervision during three weeks and presentation of the world on the fourth week).

Mandatory literature

Glassman, Irvin; Combustion. ISBN: 0-12-285852-2
Lyle, Oliver; The efficient use of steam
Goodall, P. M. 340; The efficient use of steam. ISBN: 0-86103-018-4

Teaching methods and learning activities

Module I- Theoretical-practical classes will be based on the presentation of the themes of the course and on problem solving.
Module II- Theoretical-practical classes will be based on the presentation of the themes of the course and on problem solving. A part of each class will be dedicated to discuss students’ homework.
Module III- Theoretical-practical classes will be based on the presentation of the themes of the course and on problem solving. A part of each class will be dedicated to discuss students’ assignments (three weeks).

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	58,50
	Total:	-	0,00

Eligibility for exams

Module II- Students have to reach a minimum grade of 7 out of 20 in the continuous assessment component.

Calculation formula of final grade

This course is divided into three different modules- The two first modules will last 5 weeks, while the last one will last 4 weeks. The assessment of each of the modules will be based on their length (Module I and II- 35% and Module III- 30%).

Module I- Students have to do 2 assignments and write reports about them
Module II- 30% of the mark of this module will be based on the homework, while 70% of the mark will be based on the grade of the exam.
Module III- 30% of the mark of this module will be based on the homework, while 70% of the mark will be based on the grade of the exam.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Module I- An exam which will worth 100% of the final mark
Module II- An exam which will worth 100% of the final mark
Module III- An exam which will worth 100% of the final mark

Classification improvement

Module I- two assignments
Module II- An exam
Module III- An exam