Topography

Code:

EC0008

Acronym:

TOPO

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Transport Infrastructures

Instance: 2010/2011 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Transport Infrastructures Division
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Civil Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEC	275	Syllabus since 2006/2007	1	-	6	75	160

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

This course aims to:
- develop students’ knowledge on reading and comprehension of representations (on paper sheets or digital) of the terrestrial surface;
- promote the knowledge on elementary quantities and methods, techniques and equipments of observation that allow a description of the place and implementation of construction and its control;
- Identify mistakes on observations as well as way to eliminate them, correct them and/or compensate them.

Program

Unit 1- Cartography
●Representation of the earth
Surfaces of reference; systems of cartographic projection
●Systems of coordinates;
Geographic coordinates; Plane coordinates; Concept of orientation
●Topographic maps
Representation of topographic information; Concept of scale; Area and volume measurement;

UNIT 2- Theory of errors of observation
●Type of errors of observation
Origin of the errors; type of errors
●Accidental errors
Concept of most probable value; decision parameters; Propagation of accidental errors
●Measurement compensation
Compensation of direct measurement of equal and unequal precision; compensation of indirect and conditioned measurement
UNIT 3- QUANTITIES AND OBSERVATION EQUIPMENT
●Intervals
Observation methods: geometric and trigonometric; Equipments
●Angles
Types of angles; Equipments
●Distances
Direct and indirect methods; equipments; electromagnetic processes

UNIT 4- CLASSIC OBSERVATION METHODS
● Geometric levelling
Procedures; expedite compensation
● Topographic survey
Procedures; expedite compensation of closed circuits; implantation by polar coordinates

UNIT 5- NETWORK OF TOPOGRAPHIC SUPPORT
●Intersections
Types of intersections; simple direct intersection; inverse simple intersection; Hansen problem; multiple intersections
●Transverse
Type of transverse; Calculation and compensation of closed transverse

UNIT 6- NON CLASSICAL OBSERVATION METHODS
● GPS – Global Positioning System
Overview on GPS; Components of the system; operation; positioning modes; system of coordinates
● Aerial route survey
Aerial photography; photo coordinates; photogrammetric positioning; stereoscopic pairs; Photo triangulation

Complementary Bibliography

José Gonçalves, Sérgio Madeira, J. Sousa; TOPOGRAFIA - Conceitos e Aplicações, Lidel, 2008. ISBN: 978-972-757-485-8
Wolf, Paul R.; Elementary surveying. ISBN: 0-321-01461-8
Schofield, W.; Engineering surveying. ISBN: 0-7506-4987-9
Gaspar, Joaquim Alves; Cartas e projecções cartográficas. ISBN: 972-757-151-4
Casaca, João Manuel Martins; Topografia geral. ISBN: 972-757-135-2

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical classes will be based on the oral presentation of themes of the course along with slides.
Theoretical-practical classes will be based on problem solving, where students can apply the concepts that have been taught during the semester.
Laboratory classes (7, 5 hours) will be based on laboratory assignments, where students can apply classic methods of observation using topographic equipment.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Attendance (estimated)	Participação presencial	70,00
	Exame	20,00
	Exame	30,00
	Trabalho escrito	10,00
	Trabalho laboratorial	10,00
	Total:	-	0,00

Eligibility for exams

According to General Evaluation Rules of FEUP

Calculation formula of final grade

Assessment Items:
- A written test (closed book) about the themes of Unit 1 and 2
- A written test (closed book) about the themes of Unit 3, 4, 5 and 6
- An individual assignment (in practical classes- short answer questions)
- Laboratory assignment (two assignments: levelling and topographic survey)

Final Mark:
FM= 0.30*T1 + 0.40*T2 + 0.15*IA + 0.15 *LA

FM- Final Mark
T1- grade achieved on the first written test
T2- grade achieved on the second written test
IA- grade achieved on the individual assignment
LA- grade achieved on the laboratory assignment

Students will only complete this course if:
- they attend to classes (According to General Evaluation Rules of FEUP)
- they achieve a minimum grade of 9.5 out of 20

Examinations or Special Assignments

Final Mark is not higher than 17 out of 20.
Students who want to achieve a higher grade than 17 out of 20, will have to do a written assignment about a theme, which will have to be chosen 30 days before the end of the semester. The assessment of this assignment will be based on the scientific content, presentation and discussion.

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

SPECIAL RULES FOR MOBILITY STUDENTS:
Proficiency in Portuguese and/or English;
Previous attendance of introductory graduate courses in the scientific field addressed in this module; Evaluation by exam and/or coursework(s) defined in accordance with student profile.

Classification improvement

According to General Rules of FEUP

Observations

.............................................................
Working time estimated out of classes: 7,5 hours