Biological and Organic Chemistry

Code:

EBE0009

Acronym:

QOBI

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Basic Sciences

Instance: 2007/2008 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Bioengineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIB	47	Syllabus	1	-	7	-

Teaching language

Portuguese

Program

Atomic and Molecular Structure - The Chemical Bond. Molecular Geometry. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR). Valence Bond Theory. Hybridiztion of Atomic Orbitals. Molecular Orbital Theory. Bonding and Antibonding Molecular Orbitals. Delocalized Chemical Bond

Stereochemistry – Isomers and stereoisomers. Chirality. Enantiomers and diastereoisomers. Newmann, Fischer, Wedge-and-Dash representations. Absolute Coniguration: the R/ system. Meso compounds. The D and L System. Chirality without stereogenic centers. Prochirality. Cis/trans and E/Z isomers. Conformational analysis. Staggered and eclipsed conformations. Stereoisomery in ciclic compounds. Optical activity. Racemic mixture.

Structure and Reactivity – Indutif and mesomeric effects and their influence in reactivity. Nucleophiles and electrophiles. Kind of reactions. Arrhenius Collision theory. Homolitic and heterolitic reactions and their intermediates. Some examples of homolitic processes.

Saturated and Insaturated hydrocarbons. Alkanes and alkenes: physical proprieties. Structure, bond type and bond energy in alkenes. Electrophilic addition: general mechanism. Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes. Markovnikov rule. Carbocation stability. Hydration of alkenes. Addition to conjugated dienes. Addition of halogens. Reaction with peroxyacids. Epoxides hidration. Some biological examples.

Aromatics and heteroaromatics compounds – Aromaticity. Hückel rule. Physical proprieties. Resonance energy. Heteroaromatic compounds and their biological significant. Electrophilic aromatic substitution: Nitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation. Biological examples.

Alkyl halides - Nucleophilic substitution reactions. SN2 and SN1 type reactions: mechanisms, kinetics and stereochemistry. SN1 vs SN2: effect of solvent, structure and leaving group in reactivity. Elimination reactions: mechanism of E1 and E2 reactions. E1 vs E2. Elimination vs substitution.

Aldehydes and ketones – Physical characteristics of carbonyl group. Physical proprieties and characteristic reactions. Alfa hydrogen acidity. Keto-enolic tautomerism. Aldehydes and ketones redution. Oxidation of aldehydes. Carbonyl compounds condensation reactions. Reactions with amines. Biological examples.

Carbohydrates – Classification. Optical activity. Cycic structures of monosaccharides and their anomeric forms. Mutarotation. Monosaccharides conformation. Oxidation of carbohydrates. Oligo- and polysaccharides. Glycosidic bond. Some others significant carbohydrates: aminosugars, glico proteins, mucopolyssaccharides.

Mandatory literature

Stryer, Lubert; Biochemistry. ISBN: 0-7167-2009-4
Nelson, David L.; Lehninger principles of biochemistry. ISBN: 978-0-7167-4339-2
Morrison, Robert T.; Química orgânica
Atkins, Robert C.; Organic Chemistry. ISBN: 0-07-009919-7
Solomons, T. W. Graham; Organic Chemistry. ISBN: 0-471-62942-1
A Quintas, AP Freire, MJ Halpern ; BIOQUÍMICA - Organização Molecular da Vida, lidel, 2008. ISBN: 978-972-757-431-5

Software

Chemsketch 11.0

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam