Electronics 2

Code:

EEC0027

Acronym:

ELEC2

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Electronics and Digital Systems

Instance: 2009/2010 - 1S

Active?	Yes
Web Page:	http://moodle.fe.up.pt/0910/course/view.php?id=434
Responsible unit:	Electronics and Digital Systems
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Electrical and Computers Engineering

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIEEC	76	Syllabus since 2007/2008	3	-	8	87	213

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

In a first instance, this course is a continuation of the first electronics course in which a broad set of subjects is covered in a relatively shallow way. In the 2nd electronics the students go deep in the study of multistage broad-band amplifiers, both in bipolar and MOS technology, towards the analysis and project of discrete and integrated circuits. The topics of frequency analysis and noise are also covered, as well as feedback theory, main characteristics and problems, namely stability and compensation. The study of linear circuits is finalised with sinusoidal oscillators, its basic principles, circuit implementation, stability, etc.
Following this topic, the electronics of digital circuits is introduced through the study of astable, monostable and bistable circuits with a special mention to comparators and Schmitt-trigger configurations. As a follow-up, memory cells are also introduced, both in their static and dynamic implementations.
Finally, the architecture and static and dynamic behaviour of CMOS digital circuits family is studied, which completes a solid background knowledge that will allow the students to go on learning either linear circuits and analogue, digital and mixed-signal VLSI, as well as electronic circuits for telecommunications.

Program

1. Differential and Multistage Amplifiers
1.1. Non-ideal Characteristics of the Differential Amplifier
1.2. The Differential Amplifier with Active Load
1.3. Frequency Response of the Differential Amplifier
1.4. Multistage Amplifiers
2. Discrete Op Amp
2.1. Analysis of the circuit topology
2.2. Detailed DC analysis
2.3. Detailed AC analysis
2.4. Frequency response analysis
3. Output Stages
3.1. Classification of Output Stages
3.2. Class A Output Stage
3.3. Class B Output Stage
3.4. Class AB Output Stage
4. Noise
4.1. Noise sources in passive and active devices
4.2. Noise in frequency dependent circuits
4.3. Noise in transistor amplifiers
4.4. System noise
5. Feedback
5.1. The General Feedback Structure
5.2. Determining the Loop Gain
5.3. The Stability Problem
5.4. Effect of Feedback on the Amplifier Poles
5.5. Stability Study Using Bode Plots
5.6. Frequency Compensation
6. Operational-Amplifier Circuits
6.1. The Two-Stage CMOS Op Amp
6.2. The Folded-Cascode CMOS Op Amp
6.3. The 741 Op-Amp Circuit
6.4. DC Analysis of the 741
6.5. Gain, Frequency Response, and Slew Rate of the 741
7. Oscillators and multivibrators
7.1. Basic Principles of Sinusoidal Oscillators
7.2. Op Amp-RC Oscillator Circuits
7.3. LC and Crystal Oscillators
7.4. Bistable Multivibrators
7.5. Generation of Square Waveforms Using Astable Multivibrators
7.6. Generation of a Standardized Pulse--The Monostable Multivibrator
7.7. Integrated-Circuit Timers
8. Digital CMOS Logic Circuits
8.1. Digital Circuit Design: An Overview
8.2. Design and Performance Analysis of the CMOS Inverter
8.3. CMOS Logic-Gate Circuits
8.4. Pass-Transistor Logic Circuits
8.5. Dynamic Logic Circuits

Mandatory literature

Sedra, Adel S.; Microelectronic circuits. ISBN: 0-19-514252-7

Teaching methods and learning activities

There are 3 hours per week of theoretical presentation of the course material, in which many practical examples of circuits will be presented and the project and analysis techniques will be demonstrated and, finally, circuit problems will be presented and solved.
In the lab classes (2h per week with the assistance of a professor, and 2 additional hours of autonomous work) the students will carry out 2 different projects: in the first consists of a linear amplifier that the students will have to design, simulate, assemble and test, on the basis of a pre-defined configuration. The second project will be an oscillator, with a different topology for the various groups that the students will have to design, simulate, assemble and test.

Software

MultiSIm
MathLab

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Description	Type	Time (hours)	Weight (%)	End date
Subject Classes	Participação presencial	85,00
	Exame	1,50		2008-10-15
	Exame	1,50		2008-11-19
	Exame	1,00		2008-11-27
	Exame	1,00		2008-12-18
	Total:	-	0,00

Eligibility for exams

The final grade obtained in the course is calculated through a weighted average of the following:
i) Laboratory component (30%) - L
• Participation and quality of work in the lab classes (20%), results of two practical oral examinations (25% each) about the lab-work done, one about each of two projects and, finally, 30% based on the written reports.
• This part of the evaluation is mandatory for all students. For students with special requirements the situation will be analysed so that we can guarantee a place in a class with a convenient schedule.
• The grade obtained in the laboratory work will be kept for the subsequent years and will be published in SIFEUP. The students that may want to attend the lab classes again must request so to the course coordinator.
• For the final course grade, the difference between the marks obtained in the laboratory work and the final examination will be limited to 4 points in a 20 point scale, clipping the highest mark.
ii) Two minitests to be done along the semester, the first between the 5th and the 6th weeks and the second between the 9th and the 10th , with the weight of 10% each. - M
iii) The final examination will have a weight between 50% and 70%. - E
• For ordinary students in first enrolment the weight of the examination will be 50%;
• In case a student misses one of the minitests with a justification accepted by the professor, the examination will have a weight of 60% in the final grade;
• For students with a special regime or for ordinary students that have already obtained frequency in the discipline and didn’t expressly request access to the minitests, the weight will be 70%.

• Attending the laboratory classes is mandatory and there is a maximum number of absences allowed, according to law.
• The justification of an absence doesn’t eliminate for approval purposes. Students must repeat the work in another session or at another extra-curricular time as long as it is authorised by the professor and he’s accompanied by one technician.
• Access to the final examination requires a minimum of 8 points (in 20) for the laboratory component.
• The distributed evaluation component (laboratory and minitests) keeps its value for the normal examination as well as for the repetition.
• In case of repetition for grade improvement the same rules are used but, if done in the same year, the minitests will count while if done in another year, the final examination will have a weight of 70%.

Calculation formula of final grade

Making L=min (L, E-4)
1. Ordinary students or students in special regime that demand it: 0,5*E+0,3*L+0,2*M
2. Students with justified absence to one of the minitests: 0,6*E+0,3* L +0,1*M
3. Students in special regime or ordinary students with a previous laboratory mark or students with justified absence to the 2 minitests: 0,7*E+0,3* L

Examinations or Special Assignments

none

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

0,7*E+0,3*L

Classification improvement

1. Final grade; repetition of the examination.
2. Distributed grade: repetition of frequency at the labs.

Observations

There will be an instantiation of the course in the Moodle server.