Sample preparation and chromatographic methods for the determination of protein-bound uremic retention solutes in human biological samples: An overview

• Type: Article in International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2023

Authors

Fernandes, SR (Author) Other; Meireles, AN (Author) Other; Marques, SS (Author) Other; Silva, L (Author) Other; Luisa Barreiros (Author) FFUP; Benedita Sampaio-Maia (Author) FMDUP; Miro, M (Author) Other; Marcela A Segundo (Author) FFUP

Journal

Title: Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences

Vol. 1215

ISSN: 1570-0232

Publisher: Elsevier

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 1 Citation

Scopus - 1 Citation

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-00X-RKK

DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123578

Abstract (EN): Protein-bound uremic retention solutes, such as indole-3-acetic acid, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol and p-cresol sulfate, are associated with the development of several pathologies, namely renal, cardiovascular, and bone toxicities, due to their potential accumulation in the human body, thus requiring analytical methods for monitoring and evaluation. The present review addresses conventional and advanced sample treatment procedures for sample handling and the chromatographic analytical methods developed for quantification of these compounds in different biological fluids, with particular focus on plasma, serum, and urine. The sample preparation and chromatographic methods coupled to different detection systems are critically discussed, focusing on the different steps involved for sample treatment, namely elimination of interfering compounds present in the sample matrix, and the evaluation of their environmental impact through the AGREEprep tool. There is a clear trend for the application of liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, which requires protein precipitation, solid-phase extraction and/or dilution prior to analysis of biological samples. Furthermore, from a sustainability point of view, miniaturized methods resorting to microplate devices are highly recommended.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 12