Tópicos Avançados em Galáxias e Cosmologia

Código:

AST603

Sigla:

AST603

Áreas Científicas
Classificação	Área Científica
OFICIAL	Astronomia

Ocorrência: 2024/2025 - A

Ativa?	Sim
Unidade Responsável:	Departamento de Física e Astronomia
Curso/CE Responsável:	Programa Doutoral em Astronomia

Ciclos de Estudo/Cursos

Sigla	Nº de Estudantes	Plano de Estudos	Anos Curriculares	Créditos UCN	Créditos ECTS	Horas de Contacto	Horas Totais
PDA	2	P.E. do Programa Doutoral em Astronomia	1	-	6	30	162

Língua de trabalho

Inglês

Objetivos

The main aim is to provide advanced training in topics at the forefront of research in Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy, as well as in Cosmology. 

At this level, allied to the concern of providing students with a solid background in the areas of the course, the aim is that students develop fundamental abilities for being successful researchers, namely: critical analysis, autonomy, technical skills that enable them to carry out research in one of the topics covered and communication skills for efficiently presenting and discussing their work. The aim is also that students are aware of the research opportunities and of present and future stakes, nationally and at an international level, in the concerned areas.

Resultados de aprendizagem e competências

At this level, allied to the concern of providing students with a solid background in the areas of the course, the aim is that students develop fundamental abilities for being successful researchers, namely critical analysis, autonomy and technical skills that enable them to carry out research in one of the topics covered. Thus, the teaching methodology adopted aims to promote these competences by putting the focus on the students' work – they are encouraged to participate actively in class and to perform various tasks that, although carried out individually, benefit widely from interaction/discussion with peers and the teachers. These tasks are also designed to expose students to the most relevant recent scientific findings; lead them to evaluate them by questioning their validity, consistency and robustness; and encourage them to present alternative and innovative solutions and to raise new questions. In the process, students are also led to develop communication skills, learning how to present and discuss the work they performed or published scientific or technical results.

Modo de trabalho

Presencial

Pré-requisitos (conhecimentos prévios) e co-requisitos (conhecimentos simultâneos)

Basic knowledge about Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy at the level of the book "An Introduction to Modern Galactic Astrophysics and Cosmology" (B. Carroll & D. Ostlie), as well as about Cosmology at the level of the book "An introduction to modern cosmology" (A. Liddle).

Programa

The research topics of the Academic Year 2024/2025 are as follows:

I. Galaxy evolution
Dr Ciro Pappalardo (IA-FCUL)
1. History of Astronomy: towards the concepts of galaxy
2. Galaxy classification:
2.1 The Hubble classification scheme
2.2 Characteristics of the different galaxy types
3. General Concepts:
3.1 Magnitude, Flux, Colors, Absolute Magnitude
3.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum
3.3 Spectral Energy Distribution
3.4 Physical processes associated with the different wavebands
4. Galaxies in the Local Universe:
4.1 Physical processes in cluster galaxies, gravitational effects, tidal
interactions, ram pressure stripping
4.2 Main correlations, Spiral-S0 connection, morphology density
relation, HI deficiency
5. Kinematics:
5.1 Rotation Curve, Galaxy Halo
5.2 Galaxy Formation
5.3 Basic Spectroscopy, Spectral diagnostics
6. Scaling relations:
6.1 Tully-Fisher, Faber-Jackson relations
6.2 Star-forming Main sequence
6.3 Mass-Metallicity relation
6.4 Luminosity Function, Galaxy mass function, Halo Mass function
7. Star formation:
7.1 Galaxy Constituents
7.2 Star Formation Cycle
7.3 Giant Molecular Cloud
7.4 Star formation tracers, Star formation laws, Starburst systems
8. The Interstellar Medium
8.1 Type of clouds
8.2 Molecular and Neutral gas
8.3 Warm ISM, Dust
8.4 SF gas fraction and evolution
9. Distances and redshift:
9.1 Methods
9.2 Hubble law
9.3 Hubble tension


II. Cosmology
Dr José Fonseca (IA-CAUP)
1. The expanding Universe
1.1. FLRW metric
1.2. The Dynamics of the universe and its components
1.3. Distances in Cosmology
2. The Perturbed Universe
2.1. The perturbed FLRW metric
2.2. The evolution equations for perturbations
2.3. Transfer functions and the power spectrum
3. Inflation and the origin of structure
4. Large Scale Structure
4.1. Formation of structures in the universe
4.2. Tracers of Dark Matter
4.3. The tracers observed 3D power spectrum
5. Statistical Techniques in Cosmology
5.1. Bayesian Statistics
5.2. Fisher Forecasts and survey design

Bibliografia Obrigatória

Mo Houjun; Galaxy formation and evolution. ISBN: 9780521857932
Bruce T. Draine; Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium, Princeton University Press. ISBN: ISBN 9780691122144
Baumann , Daniel; Cosmology. ISBN: 978-1-108-83807-8
Scott Dodelson, Fabian Schmidt; Modern Cosmology, 2020. ISBN: ISBN 9780128159484
Dragan Huterer; A Course in Cosmology: From Theory to Practice, Cambridge University Press, 2023. ISBN: ISBN 9781316513590

Bibliografia Complementar

Longair Malcolm S.; Galaxy Formation. ISBN: 978-3-540-73477-2
Liddle, Andrew R.,; An introduction to modern cosmology /. ISBN: 9781118690277

Observações Bibliográficas

Scientific papers may also be used - if needed, these will be indicated to students by the lecturers.

Métodos de ensino e atividades de aprendizagem

The two modules have equal duration and are lectured at different times. In classes, detailed theory is presented, with discussion of applications (exercises) and examples published in recent research papers. Students are encouraged to participate actively in class. Namely, students may: implement or develop algorithms/models, presenting their results to peers and teacher; critically analyze and discuss with each other and with the teacher published papers, proposing extensions, improvements or alternative approaches to test the obtained results; write down or assess observation proposals for modern telescopes/instruments. In addition to the technical component, all these works imply the domain (and, in some cases, its oral or written presentation) of the underlying theory relative to the objects under study and of the state-of-the-art of the topics involved.

Palavras Chave

Ciências Físicas > Astronomia > Astrofísica
Ciências Físicas > Astronomia > Cosmologia

Tipo de avaliação

Avaliação distribuída sem exame final

Componentes de Avaliação

Designação	Peso (%)
Trabalho prático ou de projeto	60,00
Participação presencial	5,00
Trabalho escrito	35,00
Total:	100,00

Componentes de Ocupação

Designação	Tempo (Horas)
Estudo autónomo	37,00
Frequência das aulas	30,00
Elaboração de projeto	60,00
Trabalho escrito	35,00
Total:	162,00

Obtenção de frequência

Frequency of classes.

Fórmula de cálculo da classificação final

The final classification in this course is the average of the classifications obtained in the two modules, each one contributing 50% to the final grade.

In each module, the evaluation has the following components, with the following weights:

• 0.4 - Continuous Evaluation, based on the work done during the weeks of classes (exercises, participation in classes);
• 0.6 - assignment/project.
  

Trabalho de estágio/projeto

Practical work (exercises, assignments, etc) will be presented by the lecturers to students in the first classes of each module. Lecturers will supervise the development of the assignments and provide the necessary support to students along the weeks dedicated to each module.

Melhoria de classificação

The final classification cannot be improved.