“Effect of Fast Food versus Mediterranean meal in the acute autonomic nervous system response: a randomized cross-over clinical trial”

• Type: Thesis
• Date: 2023-05-18

Authors

Vânia Simões Fernandes Stanzani (Author) FMUP

Thesis

“Effect of Fast Food versus Mediterranean meal in the acute autonomic nervous system response: a randomized cross-over clinical trial”

Master's Degree

Dissertation

Scientific classification

FOS: Medical and Health sciences

Associated Institutions

FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto

Other information

Resumo (PT): Propósito Este estudo pretende avaliar o efeito de uma refeição Mediterrânica vs uma refeição Fast-food na resposta rápida do sistema nervoso autonómico. Métodos Quarenta e seis indivíduos foram admitidos no estudo clínico randomizado cross-over. os participantes foram orientados a duas refeições isoenergéticas, uma refeição FFM (hambúrguer no pão, batatas fritas e coca-cola) vs uma refeição MdM (sopa, massa de trigo integral e pão, salada, azeite, especiarias, sardinhas, fruta e água). Pupilometria e medição da frequência cardíaca foram realizadas. A atividade parassimpática (PNS) foi avaliada através da média do diâmetro mínimo e máximo da pupila (MaxD, MinD), percentagem de constrição (Con), velocidade de constrição máxima e média (ACV, MCV) e amplitude absoluta de constrição (ACA). Para a atividade simpática (SNS) foram usadas a velocidade de dilatação (ADV), tempo total que a pupila demora a recuperar 75% do tamanho de repouso inicial da após ter atingido o pico de constrição (T75) e T75/ACA ratio. Wilcoxon e paired T-tests foram usados para comparar diferenças entre refeições o Generalized mixed model foi usado para ajustar eventuais confundidores. Resultados MdM foi associada a um aumento do (MaxD: 0.16 (0.53), p= 0.043; ACA: 0.06(0.06)), p=0.030; ACV: -0.14[-1.46;0.6], p=0.035; MCV: -0.25[-5.6-1.74], p=0.003). FFM foi associada a um aumento dos parâmetros relacionados ao SNS (T75: 0.095(0.0.59), p=0.0120; T75/ACA: 0.12 (0.08), p=0.011). Depois de ajustar para os confundidores existe uma forte diferença significativa entre MdM vs FFM (T75:  0.326 [.395-1.041], p <.001; T75/ACA:  0.718 [.171-.480], p <.001). Conclusão Uma refeição de “hambúrguer e babatas fritas” foi associada a um aumento da atividade simpática em comparação com uma refeição mediterrânica.

Abstract (EN): Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the acute effect of a Mediterranean versus a Fast-food meal on the autonomic nervous system response. Methods Forty-six individuals were enrolled in a randomized cross-over clinical trial, where participants were assigned to two isoenergetic meals, FFM (burger in bread, fries, and coke) vs MdM (vegetable soup, whole wheat pasta and bread, salad, olive oil, herbs, sardines, fruit, and water). Pupillometry and rest heart rate were performed. Parasympathetic (PNS) activity was evaluated by the mean value of the pupil’s maximal and minimal diameters (MaxD, MinD), percentage of constriction (Con), average and maximum constriction velocities (ACV, MCV) and absolute constriction amplitude (ACA). For sympathetic (SNS) activity average dilation velocity (ADV), total time taken by the pupil to recover 75% of the initial resting pupil size after it reached the peak of constriction (T75), and T75/ACA ratio were used. Wilcoxon and paired T-tests were used to compare differences between meals and a generalized mixed model was used to adjust for potential confounders. Results MdM was associated with an increase of PNS (MaxD: 0.16 (0.54), p= 0.043; ACA: 0.06(0.06)), p=0.021; ACV: -0.14[-0.32;0.12], p=0.035; MCV: -0.25[-7.0-0.07], p=0.003). FFM was associated with an increase of SNS-related parameters (T75: -11.68 (39.83), p=0.0120; T75/ACA: 0.51 (0.29), p=0.011). After adjusting for confounders there was strong significant difference between MdM vs FFM (T75:  0.712 [0.380-1.044], p <.001; T75/ACA:  0.319 [.0.160-0.478], p <.001). Conclusion A “burger and fries’ meal” was associated with an increased sympathetic function compared to the Mediterranean meal.

Language: English

No. of pages: 42