Otolaryngology / Ophthalmology

Code:

M4_BC04

Acronym:

ORLOFT

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Medicine

Instance: 2024/2025 - 2S (of 17-02-2025 to 13-06-2025)

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Medical Teaching
Course/CS Responsible:	Integrated Masters Degree in Medicine

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
MIM	105	Official Study Plan	4	-	3	32	81

Teaching language

Portuguese

Objectives

ORL

To have nuclear knowledge in the field of Otorhinolaryngology.

To develop practical understanding in taking a medical history

To develop skills in performing the physical examination, including otoscopy, rhinoscopy, exploration of the pharynx and the oral cavity and in the examination of the neck

Ophthalmology

To acquire knowledge and skills to collect and report an ophthalmic clinical history, to interpret ocular signs and symptoms, to perform a basic eye examination (according to mandatory procedures performed in practical lessons), and to propose the appropriate treatments or referral (emergency or consultation).

To acquire knowledge about the most prevalent ocular diseases, treatments, and ocular side effects of

Learning outcomes and competences

After attending the Curricular Unit, the student should have acquired skills in taking a medical history and performing a patient’s physical examination. The student should know how to develop diagnostic strategies and which complementary diagnostic exams/techniques to select, as well as develop a critical view in order to solve clinical problems and plan a therapeutic approach. The student should also know when and how to refer patients and pursue a spirit of excellence and humanity in approaching patients.

Working method

Presencial

Program

Theoretical classes

ORL Class 1- Otology – Main pathology

ORL Class 2 - Nose and Paranasal Sinuses – Main pathology

ORL Class 3 - Pharynx/Larynx – Main pathology

OFT Class 1

Visual acuity. Refraction, accommodation and refractive errors correction.

External ocular surface and red eye. Conjunctiva, cornea and lens. Main pathology.

OFT Class 2

Strabismus and binocular vision. Pediatric ophthalmology.

Eyelids, lacrimal system and orbit. Main pathology.

OFT Class 3

Optic nerve and optic pathway. Pupil. Glaucoma. Intraocular pressure. Structural and functional tests. Medical and surgical treatment. Retina, Choroid and Vitreous. Main pathology.

 

Practical classes ORL

Class 1  (Library/Nursery/Outpatient clinic/Urgency)

Medical history in Otorhinolaryngology

General physical examination. Usage of anatomic models in the Simulation Centre of revision of Otorhinolaringological anatomy and physical examination.

Class 2 (Library/Nursery/Outpatient clinic/Urgency)

Laryngeal pathology

Semiology in laryngeal pathology

Physical examination

Complementary Diagnostic Exams (Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Endoscopy, Stroboscopy, Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Imaging)

Theoretical debate on laryngeal pathology

 

Class 3 (Library/Nursery/Outpatient clinic/Urgency)

Sinonasal pathology

Semiology in sinonasal pathology

Physical examination

Complementary Diagnostic Exams (Nasal Endoscopy, Sinonasal Imaging)

Theoretical debate on sinonasal pathology

Class 4 (Library/Nursery/Outpatient clinic/Urgency)

Otologic and vestibular pathology

Semiology in otologic and vestibular pathology

Physical examination

Complementary Diagnostic Exams (Pure tone and vocal Audiometry, Tympanometry/Impedanciometry, Imaging of the Ear)

Theoretical debate on otologic and vestibular pathology

 

Class 5 (Library/Nursery/Outpatient clinic/Urgency)

Pharyngeal and cervical pathology

Semiology in pathology of the pharynx and neck

Physical examination

Complementary Diagnostic Exams (Imaging)

Theoretical debate on pharyngeal and cervical pathology

 

Class 6

Presentation and discussion of a clinical topic by the students

The topic should be chosen by the students and the assistant teacher together, and its presentation and discussion should involve all students

 
 

Practical classes Ophthalmology:

PC Oft 1

Anamnesis, measurement of visual acuity, semiology of signs and symptoms.

PC Oft 2

Refractive errors. Pinhole. Correction of refractive errors. External ocular surface. Ocular trauma.

 PC Oft 3:

Slit lamp, Measure of ocular pressure. Red eye. How to use fluorescein

Topical medication. Cornea Tomography and specular microscopy.

PC Oft 4:

Red reflex of the eye, ophthalmoscopy, angiography. OCT, LASER

Diabetic retinopathy, blood Hypertension, macular degeneration (DMI) and retinal detachment

Sudden and insidious onset vision loss

PC Oft 5:

Pupil reflexes to light, visual fields (confrontation, Goldman and computerized)

Optic nerve and glaucoma

PC Oft 6:

Strabismus, diagnostic tests. Hirshberg sign, Covers Tests.

Ambliopia, binocular vision, strabismus and extraocular muscle paralysis

 

In the scope of the practical classes the students contact with exams like Visual Fields Computing, OCT, Retinography, Angiography, câmara de Scheimpflug (Pentacam), Biometry, orthoptic or electrophysiology.

 

Practical class Ophthalmology ORL and OFT

Presentation of clinical cases and discussion of theoretical-practical topics

Mandatory literature

William R. Wilson; Joseph B. Nadol, JR.; Gregory W. Randolph; The clinical handbook of ear, nose and throat disorders
Adam Gerstenblith and Michael Rabinowitz;; The Wills Eye Manual: Office and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease (International Edition), 7th Ed, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2016
Olver J.Wiley-Blackwel; Ophthalmology at a Glance 2ª Edition, 2014

Complementary Bibliography

Hans Behrbohm, Oliver Kaschke, Tadeus Nawka, Andrew Swift – Thieme; Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases
Lundman H (Ed); BMJ Publishing Group, 1997; ABC of Otolaryngology
Sculler D, Schleuning A; ; DeWeese and Saunder’s Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
Gulya J & Wilson W (Eds); An Atlas of EAR, Nose and Throat Disorders, Parthenon Publ. Group Scott-Brown’s Otolaryngology
Gerhard Lang, Thieme; Ophthalmology: A Pocket Textbook Atlas, 2nd edition, 2007
Jack J. Kanski and Brad Bowling, Saunders; Clinical Ophthalmology: A systematic Appproach. 8ª Ed. , 2015
Basic and Clinical Science Course (BCSC); Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, , 2019

Teaching methods and learning activities

Theoretical and practical classes

Face-to-face - classes will take place in the usual manner

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

Designation	Weight (%)
Participação presencial	50,00
Teste	50,00
Total:	100,00

Amount of time allocated to each course unit

Designation	Time (hours)
Estudo autónomo	55,00
Frequência das aulas	32,00
Total:	87,00

Eligibility for exams

According to current legislation

Calculation formula of final grade

Theoretical evaluation – 50% of final grade

• Theroretical test of 60 questions

Minimum grade - 9,5

 Practical evaluation – 50% of final grade

• Assistant teacher’s grade from practical classes (according to attendance, attitude and performance)
• Clinical case or bibliographical review

Minimum grade - 9,5

Final grade

Resulting from previously mentioned grades (rounded to the closest unit)

Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)

Oral exam.

Classification improvement

 Oral exam.